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Election of 1824. By: Enrique Garcia, Kendall Vandergrift, Maddy Castleberry, and Sarah Smith. Election of 1824 poster. Andrew Jackson.
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Election of 1824 By: Enrique Garcia, Kendall Vandergrift, Maddy Castleberry, and Sarah Smith
Andrew Jackson • General Andrew Jackson was a hero from the War of 1812, who was also hoping to replace James Monroe as President. Although he had won the most popular vote, he came short on the electoral votes to win the election. When this happens the decision is up to the House of Representatives, which then selected one of the other 4 men fighting to be president, John Quincy Adams.
Andrew Jackson • After John Quincy Adams won the election, he made Henry Clay, a man who had ran for President and lost, his secretary of the state. Many of Jackson’s supporters claimed that Adams gained the presidency by making a deal with Clay. During his his term, he was followed with “corrupt bargain.” • Adams had many plans for his presidency. He was going to build roads, canals, and aid education and science. Congress, along with Jacksons supporters, defeated his proposals.
Presidency of Andrew Jackson 1829-1837 Natalie Norr, Aidan Ballew, Joshua Terrell
Supporters • Andrew Jacksons supporters were the “common men” • Andrew saw himself as the spokesman of the “Common Man”-the average man. • Jackson also believed that the president should act as the voice of the common people.
Government Changing • This was a time in which state governments were changing their requirements for voting. • Most states required men to own property to vote. • Jacksons two terms in office saw the expansion of American democracy. • Voting Rights In the 1920, States eliminated the law that voters must own land, so that white male could vote at the age of 21. • Choosing a President Selection of President candidates by party leaders was replaced by nominating convention, were popularly elected members of each political party chose their candidates.
Spoils System • Jackson believed that the President should act as the voice of the common people. To make more responsive to popular needs, Jackson favored the “Spoils System.” Supporters who helped in his election campaign were appointed to government posts in place of existing officials.
Andrew Jackson and the Native Americans The Cherokee and other Native American tribes VS. President Andrew Jackson
Why did Jackson feel the way he did about the Native Americans? • Andrew Jackson did not like the idea of having Native Americans involved with the American way of life and life as a whole. • Jackson viewed the Indians as conquered subjects in which still lived within U.S. borders. He felt this way because he thought they were uncivilized and that they should carry on their traditions and ways of life elsewhere while keeping separate identity. • Jackson also thought that Native Americans would become allies with foreign invaders and cause issues and threats to the nation. • Because of these thoughts he felt that he needed to move the different tribes west of the Mississippi west, and have them maintain their traditions on reservations etc. • He proposed the Indian Removal Act in 1830 and the Native Americans were forced to move west of the Mississippi river.
John Marshall vs. Andrew Jackson • During 1831 the Native Americans were being forced to relocate to Indian Territory (territory west of the Mississippi river), the Cherokee wanted to have their land by protected by the Supreme Court so it wouldn’t be seized by Georgia. • John Marshall (Supreme Court Justice) led the Supreme Court to rule that only the federal government could make laws governing the Cherokees. This meant that the laws by Georgia did not and would not apply to them (the Cherokees). • *Georgia and other southern states passed laws that gave the states the right to take over Native American lands. • President Jackson and Georgia ignored this “ruling”. Some of the members of the Cherokee tribe gave up trying to resist the movement and they signed a treaty to move west. But most of the Cherokees led by John Ross opposed this. Jackson still would not negotiate with them so in the end they were still forced to move west onto camps and reservations.
TRAIL OF TEARS By:JulianMedel, Robert Acosta, Megan Patterson, Hope Herington
Did you know… • Thomas Jefferson, who often cited the Great Law of Peace of the Iroquois Confederacy as the model for the U.S. Constitution supported the Indian Removal as early as 1802. Jackson’s military command and almost certainly his life were saved thanks to the aid of 500 Cherokee allies at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814. It was Jackson who authorized the recommendation of President James Monroe. • Jackson viewed the Indians as Conquered Subjects • He Supported the moving of Native west of the Mississippi. • Because of this decision ¼ 4,000 of the Cherokee’s died on the journey from hunger, exposure and disease.
VIDEO http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew-jackson/videos/jackson-cherokees-tariffs-and-nullification
Travel Map 125,000 Native Americans lived on million’s of acres of land in Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina and Florida. Natives would move to an area which is now Oklahoma, and part of Kansas, Nebraska. Fall and Winter of 1838-1839 16,000 Cherokees were forced to relocate. Forced to march in the rain,sleet, and snow with minimal shelter, food, or clothing.
Why did Jackson hate the Indian Tribes? He believed that Native American tribes might ally with foreign invaders and therefore posted a danger to the nation in 1807, he negotiated the removal of eastern Cherokees in exchange for lands further west. He believed Indians removal was the only way for nations to preserve their traditions. Why the Cherokees were not in the best conditions: Cherokee leaders delayed moving, ironically, because of this legal delay theCherokees were now force to move in late fall and winter, when the weather had turned bitterly cold in 1837, federal troops were called in to escort 16,000 Cherokees to there New home.
Tariff of abomination (a very hated tariff) By Jose Barcenas and Brad Branscum
the tariff of 1812/ abominations The tariff increased prices of all natural material , but lowered the price of all manufactured products. Leaving both the South and North very disappointed. Many thought the bill would not be passed and be rejected but it was actually passed. The Vice President John C. Calhoun a southerner published The Exposition and Protest a essay that called the the tariff unconstitutional. He believed that each state had a choice to nullify the tariff as an unconstitutional law in the state or territory.
Southern outrage Southerners were mad when the government started charging a 40% tariff on all imported goods from other countries . Forcing farmers to sell their cotton at a smaller price to be competitive against other farmers in the South. All the southerners blamed John Quincy Adams for the Tariff of Abomination since it began at the end of his term in the elections everybody went for Andrew Jackson since he had different ideas dealing with the tariff.
Nullification To cancel By: Emily, Hannah, and Megan
South carolinA THREATENS SECESSION • In 1832 a new tariff lowered duties by 10% • put nullification theory into practice • Each state had the right to nullify (cancel) an unconstitutional federal law in it’s own territory. • Calhoun saw union as a “compact” of states • Calhoun’s nullification theory THE NULLIFICATION THEORY
THE ORDINANCE OF NULLIFICATION • State convention passed this law • It was voiding the tariff, banning the collection of it’s duties in South Carolina, and threatening to secede from the union if the federal government tried to enforce it. • President Jackson immediately spoke out against nullification calling it nothing more than treason • Acted quickly by dispatching U.S. naval ships to Charleston harbor and ordered that Federal fortifications there be strengthened.
Force bill • Gave the president power to use military force against South Carolina • Henry Clay finally proposed a compromise through a reduction in tariffs over the next 10 years • South Carolina withdrew the Nullification Law and averted a national crisis • Jackson forces to preserve the union
JACKSON’S WAR ON THE BANK !!! BY: MORGAN, BLAKE, OLIVA
Book: Creating America (pg. 369) In the 1830’s, Congress voted on the decision to renew the Second Bank of the United States. But President Jackson vetoed the renewal. He claimed the bank was unconstitutional and it favored the few expenses. Even when the Supreme Court ruled it as Constitutional. Jackson fought back, saying elected officials had to judge the ethnicity of the Constitutionality in a law, and that the Supreme Court wasn’t needed. He quoted: “Distinctions in society will always exist under every just government… [B]ut when the laws undertake to… make the rich richer and potent more powerful, the humble members of society… have a right to complain to the injustice of their Government.” This war of the bank established many problems in the presidential campaign of 1832. This involved the National Republican Party and Henry Clay dissing Jackson, calling him tyrant, saying he wanted too much as the president. But the Democrats said he was a defender. When he won, he made sure to destroy the bank before his term ended, in 1836. So, he had government funds put into the state banks. Nicholas Biddle, manager of the Second Bank of the U.S., fought back by making it harder for people to borrow his money. He hoped it would resolve the given problems and make him return all money. Instead, people sided with Jackson, and the bank went out of business. Jackson won the war.
Book: Social Studies Teks (Pg. 205) Jackson greatly disliked the national bank. Jackson set out to eliminate the bank founded by the supreme Court in McCulloch vs. Maryland. When Jackson was reelected in 1832 he ordered the removal of all federal deposits from the National Bank. The massive withdrawal of funds had the effect of crippling the National Bank. Jackson ordered the funds be placed in state banks which he left were more agreeable to lending money to farmers
Internet Source Credit To: www.ushistory.org/us/24d.asp The second Bank of the United States began in 1812 for a term of 20 years. It was more important than the first National Bank. The Bank was used for federal funds and paid national debts, but it was answerable only to directors and stockholders and not to the electorate. People who were for the bank wanted a strong currency and central control of the Economy. People who were against the bank were distrustful of the Federal Government. Jackson was concerned about the banks Constitutionality, and their soundness about paper money instead of hard money (gold and silver). Jackson eagerness to close the bank came to almost an obsession. Even though the bank made strong attacks on Jackson using the press; Jackson vetoed the Bank Recharter Bill. Jackson also ordered that the Federal Government deposits be removed from the Bank. The peoples were with Jackson on his decision. The Bank expired in 1836
