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Pesticide Drift Management

Pesticide Drift Management. Dr. Eric P. Prostko Extension Weed Specialist University of Georgia. Pesticide Drift Management Topics For Discussion. definition types of drift factors affecting drift equipment management. What is pesticide drift??.

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Pesticide Drift Management

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  1. Pesticide Drift Management Dr. Eric P. Prostko Extension Weed Specialist University of Georgia

  2. Pesticide Drift ManagementTopics For Discussion • definition • types of drift • factors affecting drift • equipment • management

  3. What is pesticide drift?? • the movement of the pesticide away from the target area. • physical drift • vapor drift

  4. Spray drift is undesirable!! • inefficient use of equipment and time • under-application/ineffective control • litigation concerns • unintentional contamination of foodstuffs • air/water pollution • livestock and human health/safety

  5. Corn and Grain Sorghum Yield Loss From Simulated Staple Drift, College Station, 1994. Applied 30 DAP

  6. Physical Drift • movement of pesticide away from target during application • droplet size • boom height • weather

  7. Studies have shown that equipment and its operation are responsible for 68-90% of the physical drift problems while weather accounts for 10-32%. D. B. Smith et al., 1982

  8. Physical DriftDroplet Size • measured in microns • hair - 50 microns • 20-370 micron range • 200 micron average • smaller drops increase drift potential (< 100)

  9. Fall Rate of Various Size Droplets

  10. Relationship of Particle Size to Drift Based upon 10’ fall in 3 MPH winds

  11. Physical DriftDroplet Size • nozzle selection • Drift Guard Nozzles * reduces volume of droplets below 200 microns up to 65% • Raindrop Nozzles * 0.7% - 200 microns or less

  12. Physical DriftSpray Boom Height Spacing * Easy and inexpensive * Wide-angle nozzles can be placed lower to the ground but also produce smaller droplets.

  13. Physical DriftWeather • wind speed/direction * most important • temperature • humidity • inversions

  14. Physical DriftTemperature Inversions Normal Inversion

  15. Physical DriftOther Factors to Consider • nozzle orientation • spray pressure • spray volume

  16. Physical DriftNozzle Orientation • ground speeds > 10 MPH • 450 or more from perpendicular 30% < 100 microns 88% < 100 microns

  17. Influence of Spray Pressure on Droplet SizeFlat Fan Nozzle - 0.6 GPM

  18. Physical DriftSpray Volume • most effective means to increase spray volume is to increase nozzle orifice size • i.e. 8002 vs. 8003 vs. 8004

  19. Vapor Drift • the volatilization or evaporation of a pesticide from the soil or crop surface that occurs after application. • Factors that influence vapor drift include: *vapor pressure/volatility * temperature * wind speed

  20. Vapor drift can occur even days after the application Wind Drift Vapor Non-Target Sensitive Crop

  21. Vapor Pressure Values of Various Chemicals@ 770F Note: The higher the number the more volatile the chemical.

  22. Pesticide Drift ManagementEquipment Modifications • shielded spray boom • covered boom • hooded-sprayers • air-assist systems • electrostatic spraying

  23. Pesticide Drift ManagementDrift Control Agents • “thickeners” • increase droplet size of pesticide/water mixes • $0.10-$1.00/A • 38F, Anchor, Array, Border, Chem-Trol, Corsair, Direct, Drifgon, Driftgard, Drop Zone, Get Down, Lo-Drift, More, Nalcotrol, Submerge, Sta-Put, Windfall

  24. Drift Fallout As Influenced By Pressure and Nalcotrol Source: W. Bowers. 1975. Ohio State Univ. Extension, Facts #1203.

  25. nozzle selection reduce pressure lower boom height increase nozzle size avoid spraying when winds exceed 10 MPH lookout for inversions use additives calibrate sprayer keep records use common sense Top 10 Tips For Reducing Pesticide Drift

  26. References used in the development of this slide set include the following: • Reducing Spray Drift. Ohio State Univ. Extension Bulletin 816, H. Erdal Ozkan. • Herbicide Application Management. Sandoz Crop Protection, 1993.

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