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Ch 16 Amines

Ch 16 Amines. Homework problems: 16.9, 16.10, 16.21, 16.25, 16.39, 16.40. Amines. Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen are the 3 most common elements in organic compounds Because of the wide distribution of amines in the biological world, Nitrogen is the fourth most common element.

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Ch 16 Amines

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  1. Ch 16 Amines Homework problems: 16.9, 16.10, 16.21, 16.25, 16.39, 16.40

  2. Amines • Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen are the 3 most common elements in organic compounds • Because of the wide distribution of amines in the biological world, Nitrogen is the fourth most common element.

  3. Structure and Classification • The functional group for amines is a Nitrogen bonded to alkyl groups and/or Hydrogen • Amines are classified as 1o, 2o, or 3o based on The number of alkyl groups bonded to the Nitrogen!!

  4. Further Classification • Amines are further classified as Aliphatic or Aromatic • Aliphatic Amines: all carbons bonded to the nitrogen are derived from alkyl groups • Aromatic Amines: one or more of the carbons bonded to the nitrogen are in an aromatic ring

  5. Examples

  6. Heterocyclic Amines • An amine in which the Nitrogen is a member of a ring is classified as a Heterocyclic Amine • When the Nitrogen is part of a regular ring, it is a Heterocyclic Aliphatic Amine • When the Nitrogen is part of an aromatic rind, it is a Heterocyclic Aromatic Amine

  7. Examples * * * Important building blocks for the amino bases in DNA and RNA

  8. DRUGS!!!! • Amines are typically very important in drugs, both legal and illegal • See Chemical Connections 16A and 16B to learn more!!!

  9. IUPAC Nomenclature • IUPAC names for 1o aliphatic amines are derived just like alcohols, you drop the -e from the parent name and add -amine • Use numbers to indicate location of amino

  10. Aromatic Amines • IUPAC keeps the common name Aniline:

  11. 2o and 3o Amines • 2o and 3o amines are named as N-substituted primary amines • The largest alkyl group bonded to the Nitrogen is taken as the parent amine • The smaller groups are named as substituents and their locations are indicated with an N-

  12. Examples

  13. Amine Salts • When four atoms or groups are bonded to the Nitrogen, the Nitrogen bears a positive charge. • The cation is usually associated with an anion and presented as a salt

  14. Naming Amine Salts • The ending -amine is replaced by -ammonium and the name of the anion is added after.

  15. Physical Properties • Like Ammonia, low molecular weight amines have very sharp odors • Amines are polar because of the difference in electronegativity between Nitrogen and Hydrogen and also between Nitrogen and Carbon. • 1o and 2o amines have a Hydrogen bonded to a Nitrogen so they are capable of Hydrogen bonding to each other • 3o Amines do not have a Hydrogen bonded to Nitrogen so they can not Hydrogen bond to one another. • All classes of amines can H-Bond with water and are therefore soluble in water!!

  16. Reactions of Amines • Basicity • Due to the lone pair of electrons on the Nitrogen, amines are weak bases and aqueous solutions of amines are basic. • Recall, a base is a substance that will accept a hydrogen in a reaction.

  17. Reactions with Acids • Amines react completely with strong acids to form water soluable salts.

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