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The History of Computers Dr. Ray Cafolla

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The History of Computers Dr. Ray Cafolla

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    1. The History of Computers Dr. Ray Cafolla

    2. Ancient “Computers” Fingers and toes Stones Abacus (3000 bc)

    3. The Abacus

    4. The Forerunners of Computers 1620 Napier's bones

    5. Mechanical Devices

    6. Mechanical Devices 1670 Leibnitz’ Stepped Reckoner

    7. Mechanical Devices

    8. Babbage's Analytical Engine (1833)

    9. Herman Hollerith (1880) Punched Cards

    10. Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC - 1939) The First Computer

    11. Mark I (1944) First American Programmable Computer 51 feet long, weighed over 5 tons, unreliable51 feet long, weighed over 5 tons, unreliable

    12. ENIAC (1946) Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator

    13. The Post War Boom Johnny von Neuman (1945) Alan Turing (1946) Enigma

    14. Three Generations of Computer 1951-1958 first generation (vacuum tubes)

    15. Three Generations of Computer 1959-1964 second generation computer (transistors)

    16. Three Generations of Computer 1965-1970 third generation computers (integrated circuits – ICs)

    17. Modern Computers 1965 Third generation computers 1975 Fourth generation computers (Microcomputers) Now Multimedia, artificial intelligence

    18. Computer Programming Languages

    19. Low Level Language Machine language Binary (zeros and ones) Machine specific Typical command: 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

    20. Assembly Language More “English-like” Still machine specific Uses hexadecimal Typical Command JMP &H180A

    21. High Level Languages At first, specific functions COBOL FORTRAN General Purpose Languages BASIC “Machine Independent” Typical command Print “Hello”

    22. Structured Programming Break programs into smaller units Procedures Functions Local and Global Variables Parameters Pascal, C

    23. Structured Program (Example) void PrintTwoIntegers (int N1, int N2) ( cout << “N1 = ” << N1 << “ N2 = ” << N2; )

    24. Object-Oriented Programming (OOPS) we live in a world of objects computer programs should reflect the type of problems in the world objects should be "walled off" from rest of program (encapsulation ) objects have classes they belong to (inheritance)

    25. OOPS Terminology what it is like (properties) what it does (methods, procedures, functions) communicating with objects- sending messages what it responds to (events)

    26. The History of BASIC Kemeny & Kurtz The Hackers Bill Gates Quick Basic Visual Basic VB.NET

    27. The History of Computers

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