Goal 5 Part 2 Labor Unions / Strikes

1. Goal 5 Part 2Labor Unions / Strikes

2. What is a union? • ____– a group of laborers with a common cause: – expose the harsh conditions of jobs • 2 major types: (1) __________ (SKILLED) (2) ___________________ (SKILLED / UNSKILLED) “United we stand, divided we fall”

3. Stats and conditions Working Conditions: 7 day workweek 12 or more hour shifts (daily) no vacation / no sick days No workman’s compensation Injured – no reimbursement ALL family members had to work to survive Children - .27 every 14 hours Men - $498 / year Women - $267 / year Carnegie - $23 million / year Statistics: 1882 – 675 (avg.) weekly deaths in America

4. Collective Bargaining • Unions form to fight for TWO things (1) ____________________________ (2) ____________________________ “Negotiation between laborers and management”

5. Early Labor Unions __________________(NLU) 1866 – • refused African Americans as members • ____________________ (Trade unionism) Leader: _____________________ - Lobbied _________, not the _______________ MAIN LEGACY: ___________(Originally pushed by Populist…later adopted by Democrats) Colored National Labor Union (CNLU) – accepted African Americans

6. ________________ • Beliefs: (1) ________ = Equal pay for equal work ***(2) ___________…(women and African Americans) / “skilled AND unskilled” Leader: Terrence Powderly (3) DID NOT USE _______– refusal to work, as a LAST resort (favored non-violence) (4) Practiced ____________: resolving a dispute OUTSIDE of the court system “Injury to one is the concern of all”

7. 2 types of Unions / Craft vs. Trade 1 Craft Unionism: includes skilled workers _______________________________________ Leader - SAMUEL __________________ - believed in “collective bargaining” - used _______________________________ tactic /resort (supported violence)* Complete opposite of Knights of Labor 2 Industrial Unionism / Trade Unionism: included skilled AND unskilled workers ________________________________________ Leader - ____________________ (SOCIALIST) *STRIKES WERE USED! “The Strike is the _____________________” Eugene V. Debs

8. Eugene V. Debs – Socialist

9. Socialism / Industrial Workers of the World ( I. W. W. ) • ____________ – an economic system in which the government controls ______________________/ less extreme version of ______________ • Individuals do not work for themselves, but live in corporation of one another • Purpose: Overthrow ______________ • Pro: total equality regardless of physical differences • Con: hard workers get no support • “EQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH” ____________________________________(IWW) ****************Example of Socialist Union********************* -Mostly Unskilled workers Leader: ___________________ / Bill Haywood Nickname: ____________ Used STRIKES….all the time! (USED _____________) * Socialist Unions – EUGENE V. DEBS!!!!!!!!

10. Strikes • Federal Government response to Strikes / Unions: unhappy and acted with force (threat to the capitalist government – messes w/$) • Federal troops are sent in (injunction) • ________________________of 1877 – B & O Railroad lead a strike (covered 50,000 miles) • President __________________claimed they threatened *_____________________* - sent federal troops to end the strike!

11. Great Railroad Strike of 1877

13. INJUNCTION • ________________: when federal government “jumps in” and tries to fix everything Example: Great Railroad Strike of 1877 Pullman Strike (federal troops were sent in)

14. **____________________________** • Strike in Chicago….police show up, workers threw a bomb into police lines! • Several police officers died • MAJOR EFFECT: THE ____________________ _________________________ MOVEMENT (due to violence) ___________________________

16. _____________________ • Carnegie Steel Company (Homestead Plant in PA) – cut wages – a strike occurs! • ________________, Homestead Plant manager hired ,_________, or strikebreakers, that continued to work, despite the strike to keep the company going

17. The Pullman Company Strike • Pullman Company laid off 3,000 workers • George Pullman hired employees and gave them housing…after lay offs, didn’t lower the rent on the house! • ****George Pullman wanted to control the lives of his workers (no loitering on front porch!) • George Pullman hired SCABS, strikebreakers…strikes turned violent • Major effect: federal troops were sent in *** Railroads “__________________” the strikers *Blacklist – a list that included people that COULD NOT work on the railroads, due to their connection to strikes

18. Women Organize • Fighting for: • Better __________________ • Equal pay _______________ • End of __________________ ****MAIN LEADER: ___________________ (MOTHER) To expose the cruelties of child labor – Mary Harris Jones led a march of 80 mill children to home of President Teddy Roosevelt….this crusade influenced the passage of Child Labor Laws

19. Child Labor / Mary Harris Jones

21. CHILD LABOR

24. _____________________- Fire • March 25, 1911 (New York City) • Oil-drenched machines caught on fire! (conditions) • Company locked all of the doors *(Crime / force) • 146 women died (from fire or jumping) • MAJOR EFFECT/ Public Reaction: ________________ to study the terrible ______________ of many industries in New York • * spurred the growth of improved factory conditions and safety standards

25. Triangle Shirtwaste Fire (1911)

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28. Factors that LIMIT the success of Labor Unions / Employers CONTROL ________________________– swearing / oath they will NOT join a Union _________________– if you are part of or leader of a union against the productivity of a business, you are placed on this list / difficult for you to get a job __________________: owner tells the employees not to bother showing up until they agree to a pay cut ________________: Strikebreakers (hired to continue economy of business while strikers are not working) __________________: a company claims strikers are affecting interstate commerce and the federal government comes running!

29. * T.Q. Which statement BEST describes how the Knights of Labor differed from the American Federation of Labor (AFL)? A. Knights of Labor used strikes as a major tactic B. Knights of Labor ONLY organized skilled laborers C. Knights of Labor used strikes as a last resort D. Knights of Labor opposed equal pay for women

30. What event contributed MOST to the demise of the Knights of Labor? • Great Chicago Fire • Haymarket Square Riot • Homestead Act • Pullman Company Strike Why?

31. Monopoly vs. Labor Union