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Sponges and Cnidarians

Sponges and Cnidarians. By Tim Allen, Tim Kang, Niko Escanilla, and Paul Woo. Sponges. Phylum = Porifera Scientific name = Calcareous sponge Common Name = Yellow Calcareous Sponge. Sponges. Phylum = Porifera Scientific name = Spongia officinalis Common Name = Bath Sponge.

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Sponges and Cnidarians

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  1. Sponges and Cnidarians By Tim Allen, Tim Kang, Niko Escanilla, and Paul Woo

  2. Sponges • Phylum = Porifera • Scientific name = Calcareous sponge • Common Name = Yellow Calcareous Sponge

  3. Sponges • Phylum = Porifera • Scientific name = Spongiaofficinalis • Common Name = Bath Sponge

  4. Cnidarians • Phylum = Cnidaria • Scientific name = Physaliautriculus • Common Name = Bluebottle

  5. Cnidarians • Phylum = Cnidoria • Scientific name = Octocoralliaalcyonacea • Common Names = Red Sea Soft Coral

  6. Evolution of Sponges • Sponges were one of the first animals living on Earth, dating back 730 million years ago. • Most are marine (9,000+ species) • They share some characteristics with living animals today. • Sponges are multicellular but are thought to have evolved from unicellular protists. • Multicellularity • If they are put through a fine mesh, they separate and then come back together to form a new sponge. • Various shapes, sizes, habitats, and colors • Sponges date back to the Precambrian era

  7. Evolution of Cnidarians • One of the first animals fossils that were recognized were cnidarians • The first cnidarians were composed of soft tissue • The earliest Cnidarian fossil discovered is 580 million years of age

  8. Symmetry of Sponges • Sponges • Asymmetrical • They lack symmetry • Acoelomate • Do NOT have a body cavity • Can also have radial symmetry Pic from- http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=72139&rendTypeId=35

  9. Body Plan of Sponges • Vocabulary • Sessile • Firmly attaching to surfaces and not moving • Choanocytes • Flagellated cells that are found on the interior of the sponge • Ostia • pores • Osculum • The opening at the top of a sponge http://www.marinefoundation.org/sponge2.gif

  10. Symmetry and Body Cavity of Cnidarians • Has radial symmetry • A body plan that can be divided into similar halves by passing a plane at any along a central axis • http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/radial.jpg (this website is for the works cited for this radial symmetry pic) • Cnidarians have two tissue layers • Outer- epidermis • Inner- gastrodermis • In the center of the body is that gastrovascular cavity • a hollow gut

  11. Body Plan of Cnidarians • Vocabulary • Medusa • Bell-Shaped • Specialized for swimming • Polyp • Vase-Shaped • Specialized a sessile existence • sessile existence • Being able to attach firmly to a surface and not move

  12. Structural Support of Sponges • Some sponges are supported by spongin • Flexible protein fibers acting as a skeleton for support • Other sponges are supported by spicules • Small-needlelike made of silicate (silicon dioxide) or calcium carbonate

  13. Structural Support of Cnidarians • The structural support in Cnidarians is Mesoglea • Jelly like substance provides structural support in water

  14. Water-OUT through osculum Water/food IN through ostia Nutrition and Digestion of Sponges • Sessile, do not have the ability to pursue food • Filter Feed • Choanocytes beat flagellum, pumping water in through the ostia, pores • Sponges filter the food out of the water • Choanocytes trap the food in their small hair-like projections • Water leaves through osculum or mouth

  15. Nutrition and Digestion of Cnidarians • Cnidocysts capture prey • Tentacles are used to capture food • Trigger triggers the nematocyst to be expelled • The nematocysts sting the prey the spine and trap food with the fillaments • Trap food with mucous found at mouth and tentacles

  16. Transportation and Circulation of Sponges • Transportation: • During the premature stage • The larva moves by means of flagella until they find a place to attach to and thus begin their sessile stage • Sessile • During adulthood • Circulation: • A sponge has water flow in through its ostia and go out through its osculum

  17. Transportation of Cnidarians • Many adult cnidarians are free-floating • In the larval stage, they are free swimmers • Larval stage- part of the life cycle of a cnidarian http://universe-review.ca/I10-82-cnidaria.jpg

  18. Circulation of Cnidarians • No specialized systems found in cnidarians that aid in circulation • Circulation mainly achieved through diffusion

  19. Respiration of Sponges • Does not have a respiratory system • Takes in water (H2O) through its pores • They have canals that move the water throughout the sponge

  20. Respiration of Cnidarians • Goes through diffusion • There small body size allows oxygen to diffuse from water through their thick membrane • No respiratory structures are needed • Lungs, gills, etc.

  21. Water Balance and Excretion in Sponges • Sponges beat the flagella of certain cells to pump water in and out of its osculum • Sponges have carbon dioxide and other wastes removed quite easily • The water moves it in and out through the pores

  22. Water Balance and Excretion in Cnidarians • Maintain water balance by osmosis • Diffuse water through their tissue

  23. Reproduction in Sponges • Sponges reproduce both asexually and sexually • Asexual reproduction- Budding internally and externally • The new sponges are similar to their parents

  24. Reproduction in Cnidarians • Reproduce both asexually and sexually • Asexually- budding or binary fission • Binary fission- splitting a parent cell into two equal parts • Sexually- an asexual cnidarian reproduces • Produces an organism that can reproduce sexually • This leads to the variation in generations

  25. A Sponges Nervous System • Sponges do not have a nervous system • Lack sensory cells and nerve cells

  26. A Cnidarians Nervous System • Contains a nerve net • Has a network of nerve fibers • Able to communicate when overlapped • Not cephalized

  27. Unique Facts about Sponges

  28. Unique facts about Sponges • The largest sponge ever measured was a Monoraphus sponge • It was ten feet wide!! • In the Caribbean Sea, sponges can filter all of the water in one day!! • Within a sponge, it is possible to find 16,000 other animals!

  29. Unique Facts about Cnidarians • Over 10,000 species • 130 of those species recorded in Sydney Harbor • Group name Cnidarian comes from the word nettle • The body of the a Cnidarian is a sack with an opening, such as a medusa or a polyp

  30. WORKS CITED "http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=72139&rendTypeId=35." Marriam-Webster. 2006. 7 Apr 2009 http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/dino/geotime/ geo_time_graphic.gif." 7 Apr 2009 Bird, Jonathan. "http://www.marinefoundation.org/sponge2.gif ." 7 Apr 2009 "http://universe-review.ca/I10-82-cnidaria.jpg ." 7 Apr 2009 Postlethwait, John, and Janet Hopson. Modern Biology. Austin: A Harcourt Education Company, 2006. "iod.ucsd.edu/~amanda/Files/lab5InvertsI.ppt." 7 Apr 2009

  31. ERA PICK IS FROM • http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/dino/geotime/geo_time_graphic.gif

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