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Unit X: The Cold War & Beyond

Unit X: The Cold War & Beyond. Heirs to Traditional Power Politics: Fear & Misinterpretation : West’s role in 1919 & the 30s Failure to open a second front, halting Lend-Lease, & refusing a 6 billion dollar loan Stalin was bitter at Potsdam Security was the issue!

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Unit X: The Cold War & Beyond

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  1. Unit X:The Cold War & Beyond

  2. Heirs to Traditional Power Politics: Fear & Misinterpretation: West’s role in 1919 & the 30s Failure to open a second front, halting Lend-Lease, & refusing a 6 billion dollar loan Stalin was bitter at Potsdam Securitywas the issue! Ideological differences: economic imperialism vs. international socialism Origins

  3. 1946: Iron Curtain Speech Kennan’s Long Telegram 1947: communist revolutions threaten Turkey & Greece Truman Doctrine 1948: Marshal Plan West Germany founded Berlin Blockade & Airlift 1949: NATO created Soviets counter w/ Warsaw Pact Soviet A-bomb & Red China arms race & the Red Scare Berliners cheer US planes Early Stages

  4. 1945-53: spectacular recovery Five Year Plans again purges & gulags falling out w/ Tito’s Yugoslavia 1953: Stalin died; destalinization 1953-63: Nikita Khrushchev Secret Speech (1956) inspired Hungarian Uprising attempted economic reforms removed after Cuban Missile Crisis Hungarian Uprising Post-war USSR

  5. 1950-53: Korean War 1956: Hungarian Uprising ImryNagy executed 1961: Berlin Wall built 1962:Cuban Missile Crisis 1968: Dubcek’s Prague Spring 1959-75: Vietnam War Fall of Saigon - 1975 The 50s, 60s & 70s

  6. Cuban Missile Crisis 1962: Cuban Missile Crisis • reaction to the Bay of Pigs • threatened “mutually assured destruction” • missiles removed from Cuba (and Turkey), a hotline established & Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

  7. Prague Spring 1968: Prague Spring • Alexander Dubcek introduced freedom of speech, press and travel • “Communism with a human face” • reformers wanted more and withdrawal from Soviet bloc • Soviets invade & crush movement Prague 1968

  8. 1959-75: Vietnam War French colony, Japanese occupation & French colony again US supported the Diem regime in South Vietnam Strong nationalistic regime in the north led by Ho Chi Minh limited war guerilla war; no front line Fall of Saigon - 1975 Vietnam War

  9. Monolithic Communism?

  10. Decolonization: Christian Democrats: combined capitalism, socialism & Christianity Great Britain: the national welfare state Margaret Thatcher (1980s) West Germany: Adenauer’s “economic miracle” France: De Gaulle & the Fifth Republic Algerian Independence 1968 – student protests Student protestors in Paris The Post-war West

  11. Education: The Women’s Movement: De Beauvoir’s The Second Sex Friedan’s N.O.W. Catholic Church: reaction to Pius XII’s conservatism; Vatican II (1962) Permissive Society: homosexuality, pornography, divorce & abortion became legal Simone de Beauviour Culture & Society

  12. Existentialism: Camus & Sartre “Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself.” Art: Pollack’s abstract expressionism & Warhol’s pop-art Technology: jet travel, television & nuclear energy Pollack’s Lavender Mist Culture & Society

  13. 1963:Nuclear Test Ban Treaty & hotline established 1972: Nixon’s trip to China SALT agreement Brandt’s Ostpolitik 1973: Vietnam War ended 1975: Helsinki Accords 1979:Afghanistan invaded Nixon with Mao Zedong Detente

  14. USSR experienced .5 of U.S. economic growth in the 1970s and zero in the 1980s Failure of central planning Didn’t deliver materially & political practices discredited moral claims Misjudged human nature -caused massive apathy Inertia kept it together Eastern Bloc Architecture Decline of Communism

  15. 1964-82: Leonoid Brezhnev economic stagnation; - “no experimentation” pollution declining public health; alcoholism loss of faith in government party privileges were obvious military budgets made social reform difficult 1979-89: Afghanistan; “The Soviet’s Vietnam” 1984: Reagan’s “Evil Empire” & “Stars Wars” speeches 1986: Chernobyl Birth defects from Chernobyl The Decline Begins…

  16. 1985-91: Mikhail Gorbachev witnessed Khrushchev’s secret speech a direct, frank and pragmatic approach a staunch communist who wanted to reform the central planning of the Soviet economy Gorbachev

  17. Glasnost – “openness” addressed Chernobyl admitted to Katyn Forest Massacre & Nazi-Soviet Pact freed political dissidents like Andrei Sukharov (H-bomb) supported Bukharin’s gradual collectivization Victims of the Katyn Forest Massacre Gorbachev

  18. Perestroika – “restructuring” multi-candidate elections economic decisions made by local-level leaders REDUCED military spending! signed arms treaty w/ US declined to send troops to prop up Eastern Bloc The Berlin Wall Gorbachev

  19. Poland: gov’t (Gen. Jaruzelsky) accepted talks w/ Lech Walesa & Solidarity; they in turn supported the gov’t to keep the Soviets out Hungary: had been experimenting w/ reforms; “socialism with a human face” cut the barbwire fences with Austria; people flooded out Especially from East Germany… 1989

  20. East Germany: Honecker’s government was now left with a choice; repress emigration violently or open the Berlin Wall Berlin Wall opened on November 9, 1989 Eric Honecker The Chain Reaction

  21. Czechoslovakia’s Velvet Revolution under Vaclav Havel Romania was the only violent collapse; Nicolae Ceausescu attempted to use force and was brutally killed Prague - 1989 The Chain Reaction (con’t)

  22. 1990: Germany reunited under Kohl 1991: USSR - hardliners attempt coup hasten dissolution; 15 republics Yeltsin President of Russia organized crime & oligarchies loss of empire 1991: Yugoslavia dissolved violently Milosevic & Serbs 1992-95: Bosnian Crisis Srebrenica Massacre Clinton/NATO; Dayton Accords 1999: Kosovo The Chain Reaction (con’t)

  23. 1957: Rome Treaty 7 countries form the European Economic Community (EC); eliminated tariffs & barriers 1994: Maastricht Treaty EC became the EU free trade & the Euro The European Union (EU)

  24. Xenophobia Immigration Terrorism Americanization Globalization Neo-Nazi March – Sweden 2010 Contemporary Issues

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