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Warm Up: GRAB A BOOK

Warm Up: GRAB A BOOK. Turn to Page 976 Read “King Affonso I: Letter to King John of Portugal” Complete “Analyzing Primary Resource” questions TURN IN ON YOUR OWN PAPER WHEN FINISHED. The Impact of Europeans and Slave Trade on Africa. Chapter 16 Section 4 JOIN ME ON PAGE 398

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Warm Up: GRAB A BOOK

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  1. Warm Up: GRAB A BOOK • Turn to Page 976 • Read “King Affonso I: Letter to King John of Portugal” • Complete “Analyzing Primary Resource” questions • TURN IN ON YOUR OWN PAPER WHEN FINISHED

  2. The Impact of Europeans and Slave Trade on Africa Chapter 16 Section 4 JOIN ME ON PAGE 398 EQ: What circumstances led to the trading of Africans as slaves? How did slave trade affect people?

  3. Enter the Portuguese • The Portuguese, thanks to the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, had the “blessing” to control Africa • The Portuguese 1)only set up small outposts on the West African coast 2) used their naval might to oust the Arab traders who dominated East African ports

  4. Other Europeans • About 150 years after the Portuguese set up shop in Africa, the French, British and Dutch arrive • They do the same thing as Portugal, only build ports along the immediate coastline • European trade with Africans FIRST started out with the exchange of simple goods early on…only OCCASIONALLY would Africans traders offer people as goods to Europeans…this would change, however…

  5. Slavery • Slavery has existed as a part of human society since its humble beginnings • People in every empire from Egypt to Greece to Rome and beyond have been enslaved…the word slave comes from the large number of Slavs captured from Russia by the Romans • Arabs (Muslims) also took slaves from Africa for farming/irrigation projects, but eventually they were able to rise to prominence in Islamic society…also, many African women found their way into harems • Slavery was ALREADY a normal part of African society…kings measured their wealth and power by the number of people they were able to enslave • Why did African slave trade start/take off? • Slaves from Africa became a valuable resource for Europeans because of their economic activities in the New World • Major Reason: Natives were not plentiful enough to enslave…they were all dying off!

  6. Roots of Slave Trade • Both the Portuguese and Spanish begin trade to fill demands for labor in the Americas • They willingly trade goods with African empires and in exchange, they started to request mainly slaves for their products • Europeans rarely hunted down slaves on their own, rather they were sold to them by the ruling classes of African coastal empires • All other European empires follow suit with this pattern and the demand on African coastal kingdoms to provide slaves increased

  7. Triangular Trade (pg. 401)

  8. The Middle Passage • This was the nickname applied to journey across the Atlantic to the Americas • This journey was not a pleasant one for all slaves • The ships were overcrowded • Many died from disease or malnourishment • Those who resisted were killed, those who escaped died (in both cases, they were drowned, weighted down by their chains) • The overwhelming majority of African slaves went to Brazil

  9. African Leaders Resist • Not all African Leaders willingly traded slaves • King Affonso • Ruler of the Kongo (Congo) • Christianized ruler who was alarmed by slave trade • Only made verbal appeals to European powers to stop trade • The almamy (king Abdul Kader Kane) of Futa Toro (Senegal) • Wrote law forbidding transport of slaves in his kingdom • Traders plainly stopped going through his kingdom, in some instances, even stopped trading with his people

  10. Kingdoms Rise Thanks to Slave Trade • Empires emerged in the immediate territories along the African coastline • The Asante (Ashanti), one such empire, dominated slave trade in the 1600s • Another was Dahomey…the kings of Abomey based their entire economy of trading slaves (slavery had always been central to their economy) • Rulers of these kingdoms learned to manipulate the slave trade by playing off European rivalries

  11. Slave Trade Ends • Islamic empires emerge in the 1700s and 1800s that were resistant to slave trade • The rulers of these kingdoms used Islamic jihad to put an end to the raiding of central African tribes…many people were converted • By the end of the 1700s, some Europeans began to protest slave trade as inhumane, many of them former slave traders themselves • England became the first European nation to ban slave trade in 1807

  12. For the remainder of time… • Chapter 16 section 4 Puzzle/Biography (more time tomorrow after film, DUE tomorrow at end of class) • TOMORROW Two Film Clips on Slave Trade • Accra (shows a slave trade outpost) • Abomey (shows how/why African kings sold their own people)

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