Learning Objectives: Section 2 Hardship and Suffering During the Great Depression

1. Standard Addressed: 11.6 Students analyze the different explanations for the Great Depression and how the New Deal fundamentally changed the role of the federal government. CH 14-SEC 2 • Learning Objectives: Section 2 Hardship and Suffering During the Great Depression • 1. Describe how people struggled to survive during the Depression. • 2. Explain how the Depression affected men, women, and children.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

3. QUIZ! 1 2 1 2 1 First & Last Name Fill in your ID NUMBER! CH-14-2

4.  THE GREAT DEPRESSION BEGINS SECTION 2: Photos by photographer Dorothea Lange

5. Hardship and Suffering During the Depression The Depression Devastates People’s Lives The Depression in the Cities • People lose jobs, are evicted from homes • • People dig through garbage, beg • African Americans, Latinos have higher unemployment, lower pay Continued . . . NEXT

6. SOUP KITCHENS • One of the common features of urban areas during the era were soup kitchens and bread lines • Soup kitchens and bread lines offered free or low-cost food for people Unemployed men wait in line for food – this particular soup kitchen was sponsored by Al Capone

7. SOUP KITCHENS

8. Bread lines—people line up for food from charities, public agencies

9. Shantytowns, settlements consisting of shacks, arise in cities

10. 2017

11. Chapter 14: Section 2 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS B – Why did so many men leave their homes during the Depression? Many men were disheartened by their inability to support their families and so abandoned them. Others hoped to find work and send money home to their families.

12. Effects on the American Family • Men in the Streets • Many men used to working, supporting families have difficulty coping • - cannot find jobs NEXT

13. No federal system of direct relief—cash or food from government

14. HOBOES TRAVEL AMERICA • The 1930s created the term “hoboes” to describe poor drifters • 300,000 transients – or hoboes – hitched rides around the country on trains and slept under bridges (thousands were teenagers) • Injuries and death was common on railroad property; over 50,000 people were hurt or killed

15. Women • Encouraged to stay home Let men work

16. Guided Reading:#1 How did people coped with the problem they faced regarding employment, summarize the Great Depression’s effects on American life. • Many people found themselves out of jobs for years. • Women, African-American men, and Mexican-American men were discriminated against in the workplace and became targets of hostility.

17. The Depression in Rural Areas • Most farmers can grow food for their families • About 400,000 farms lost through foreclosure • - many become tenant farmers NEXT

18. RURAL LIFE DURING THE DEPRESSION • While the Depression was difficult for everyone, farmers did have one advantage; they could grow food for their families • Thousands of farmers, however, lost their land • Many turned to tenant farming and barely scraped out a living Between 1929-1932 almost ½ million farmers lost their land

19.  HARDSHIPS DURING DEPRESSION • The Great Depression brought hardship, homelessness, and hunger to millions • Across the country, people lost their jobs, and their homes • Some built makeshifts shacks out of scrap material –called shantytowns • shantytowns sprung up in the outskirts of most cities

20. Chapter 14: Section 2 Questions • How were shantytowns, soup kitchens, and bread lines a response to the Depression? • They helped to home and feed the needy.

21. Guided Reading:#2 How did people coped with the problem they faced regarding Housing, summarize the Great Depression’s effects on American life. • Many unemployed people lost their homes; • Many homeless lived in the streets or in shantytowns; • Many farmers lost their farms

22. The Dust Bowl • • Dust Bowl— area from North Dakota to Texas that is hardest hit • Farmers in Great Plains exhaust land through overproduction • • 1930s, • drought, • windstorms hit; • soil scattered for hundreds of miles • • Many farm families migrate to Pacific Coast states NEXT

24. Dust storm approaching Stratford, Texas - 1934

25. The resulting dust traveled hundreds of miles

26. One storm in 1934 picked up millions of tons of dust from the Plains an carried it to the East Coast Dust buried cars and wagons in South Dakota in 1936

30.  HARDEST HIT REGIONS • Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado were the hardest hit regions during the Dust Bowl • Many farmers migrated to California and other Pacific Coast states Boy covers his mouth to avoid dust, 1935

31. Chapter 14: Section 2 Guided Reading: #3 How did people coped with the problem they faced regarding Farming, summarize the Great Depression’s effects on American life. • Farmland already exhausted through overproduction was hit with drought and winds, turning the plains into the Dust Bowl; • Dramatic decreases in farm prices and income; • Many farmers lost ownership of their farms and were forced to become tenant farmers or farm laborers

32. Chapter 14: Section 2 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS A – How did the Great Depression affect minorities? African Americans and Latinos suffered from unemployment, low pay, and racial violence.

33. CONDITIONS FOR MINORITIES • Unemployment was the highest among minorities and their pay was the lowest • Conditions for African Americans and Latinos were especially difficult • Increased violence (24 lynchings in 1933 alone) marred the 1930s • Many Mexicans were “encouraged” to return to their homeland As conditions deteriorated, violence against blacks increased

35. Racism against immigrants

37. Mexican Deportations

38. Chapter 14: Section 2 Questions • Why did minorities often experience an increase in discrimination during the Great Depression? • Because it was harder for everyone to find jobs. • White people were often considered first for employment.

39. Chapter 14: Section 2 Guided Reading:#4 How did people coped with the problem they faced regarding Race relations, summarize the Great Depression’s effects on American life. • Intense competition for jobs sparked existing racial resentments into open hostility and violence; • In 1933, 24 African-Americans were lynched; • Thousands of Mexican-Americans left the U.S. voluntarily or were deported.

40. Effects on the American Family • Hardship and the Family • Family is source of strength for most Americans • Some families break apart under strain of making ends meet Photographer Dorothea Lange captures a family headed west to escape the dust storms

41. Women Struggle to Survive • Homemakers budget carefully, can food, sew clothes • Women work outside home; resented by unemployed men • Many women suffer in silence, ashamed to stand in bread lines Continued . . . NEXT

42. Children Suffer Hardships • Poor diets, health care lead to serious health problems in children • Lack of tax revenue leads to shortened school year, school closings Continued . . . NEXT

43. Teenagers leave home, ride trains in search of work, adventure

45. Chapter 14: Section 2 Guided Reading:#5 How did people coped with the problem they faced regarding Family LIFE, summarize the Great Depression’s effects on American life. • The Depression strengthened family ties, but also increased family tensions; • Some men abandoned their families, • discouraged by their inability to provide for themselves and their families.

46. Children Suffered • Schools closed • Malnutrition

48. Pigeon Chest Bow legs

49. Chapter 14: Section 2 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS C – How did the Great Depression affect women and children? Women: many had to manage tight household budgets; Encountered opposition at holding jobs outside the home. Children: suffered from poor diets and inadequate health care; Child welfare programs and schools shut down. 

50. Chapter 14: Section 2 Guided Reading:#6 How did people coped with the problem they faced regarding Physical HEALTH, summarize the Great Depression’s effects on American life. • Malnutrition and starvation grew more common • Poor and homeless people scavenged or begged for food or turned to soup kitchens and bread lines; • Poor diet and lack of health care increased rates of serious health problems;