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Understanding the Excretory System

Learn about the excretory system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Discover the structures and functions of the nephrons and how waste products are eliminated from the body.

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Understanding the Excretory System

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  1. Chapter 20 Excretory System

  2. Excretory System – Structure & Function A. The body system that collects and removes the waste products (urea, salts, uric acids etc.) produced by the cells of the body B. Organs/structures involved include: the kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra C. Secondary Organs include Skin, Sweat Glands, Liver and the Lungs

  3. Kidney, Ureter, Bladder & Urethra • Kidney – • Major filtering organ of the excretory system. Filters blood to remove toxic cellular wastes • Located in the lower back region of the body and is enclosed by connective tissue called a capsule. • Produces urine • Ureter • Tube (one from each kidney that drains urine from kidneys to the bladder • Bladder • Strong muscular organ that stores the urine until released from the body through the urethra. • Urethra • connects and passes stored urine out of the body.

  4. Kidney Structure & Function • Cortex: • The outer portion of the kidney that contain the basic functional unit (nephrons). • Nephrons are small independently filtering units of the kidney. • About million nephrons in each kidney • Medulla • The inner portion of the kidney • Pelvis • The central area of the kidney. Site where the collecting tubules combine to form the ureter Adrenal Gland – Endocrine gland secretes adrenaline (not part of the excretory system)

  5. Nephron: Structure • Nephron – basic structure of the kidney. complex units consisting of arterioles, venules, capillaries • Located in the Renal Cortex • Structures include: arterioles Glomerulus, Bowman’s Capsule, Loop of Henle, Collecting Tubules, Capillaries and venules Collecting Tubule Loop of Henle (the yellow) Capillary Network ( the red & blue) Arteriole

  6. Nephron - Function • High Blood Pressure in the arteriole supplied to the Glomerulus • Glomerulus “leaks” both good & bad materials into • Bowman’s Capsule • Good – Water, Amino Acids, glucose • Bad – Urea, salts, excess water, Uric Acid • Loop of Henle • Extends down into the renal medulla • Materials drain down into loop • Dense capillary network surround the loop and reabsorbs “good” stuff. • “Bad” stuff continues down & around loop • Dumps into the collecting tubule • Collecting tubules come together & drain the newly formed urine into the ureter. • Capillary network takes reabsorbed materials back to the venules and recirculates back to the body

  7. “Need-to-Knows” B Aorta A Vena Cava C Adrenal Gland E Bladder D Ureter F Urethra H Renal Pelvis G Renal Medulla I Renal Cortex K Arteriole O Collecting Tubule M Capillary Network N Loop of Henle J Bowman’s Capsule L Glomerulus Aorta Vena Cava Adrenal Gland Bladder Ureter Urethra Renal Pelvis Renal Medulla Renal Cortex Arteriole Collecting Tubule Capillary Network Loop of Henle Bowman’s Capsule Glomerulus

  8. That’s All Folks!!Now that wasn’t so bad now was it?

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