Innovative Parking Management Strategies in Urban Transport: Case Studies from Belgium, Poland, and Sweden

1. Parking management and incentives as successful and proven strategies for urban transport.Examples from Belgium, Poland and Sweden Robert Pressl, Austrian Mobility Research FGM-AMOR

2. General idea of PUSH&PULL • The big problems in urban transport are • 1. Overwhelming and steadily increasing use of cars in cities with all the negative impacts • 2. Lack of (financial) resources to encourage use of sustainable modes of transport A solution Fundingmechanismfromtherevenuesofparkingmanagement (push) usedtoencoragetheuseofenergy-efficientmodesoftransport (pull)

6. Objectives of the project are: • Set up, extend / improve parking management e.g. paid parking (duration and tariffs)e.g. enforcemente.g. reduction of parking spacese.g. reduction of privileges of car use / car parking Improvement of the situation for users of sustainabletransport Provision of a permanent availability of money / budget and it isn't necessary to get an own budget for every year (especially for active modes ) Smart useofpublicspace

7. Gent ca. 250.000 EW

8. Objectives of Gent‘s mobilit policy (selection) • Well-balanced modal split following priorities:walking, cycling, PT and car use • Giving back public space to the residents. • Reduction of congestion. • Fight parking violations. • ____________________________________ • Profit maximisation is not the first aim. • Filling half-empty underground garages is not an aim.

9. Parken in Gent • In total ca. 56.000 parking spaces are managed (these aren’t all parking spaces in public space!). • Red zone(historical city centre). Priority to residents and short-term users (max. time for the latter is 3 hours for 10 Euro). • Orange zone Priority for residents, but also long-term parking is possible for 6 Euro/day. • Yellow zones (surrounding of 2 main railway stations). Priority for residents. Max. time for parking is 3 hours for 4.50 Euro. • Green zones Priority for residents, but also long-term parking is possible for 6 Euro/day.

10. Example: Use of parking fees in Ghent • Source: Municipal Mobility Company of the City of Ghent

11. In Flanders cities can decide on own parking rates without national or regional interference. • The foundation of a city-own mobility company was the starting point. This mobility company was created by merging the existing but outsourced Parking Company with the City Department on Mobility. • The new Mobility Company has a great level of independence but spending of budgets need approval of the city council. • It was agreed that a (steadily increasing) annual contribution of parking revenues has to flow back to the city treasurer. • The Mobility Company has four departments: 1.) Policy 2.) Operational parking activities 3.) Projects 4.) Administration How was the core funding mechanism implemented in Gent?

12. Among others there are several measures with impacts on mobility and housing: • New parking ratios with the following main components: • Parking solutions need to be found on own sites • Minimum directive for bicycle parking • Tight parking guidelines for car parking to stimulate the use other transport modes. • Set of range of minimum and maximum directives for car parking • To stimulate double use of parking places and to avoid abuse (use as box-room), it is not allowed to build locked parking garages • No resident’s cards in certain projects. • Bicycle parking guidelines incl. a parking norm of 100m in the densely populated areas where bike parking has to be provided. What measures did Gent develop / finance?

13. Krakow ca. 750.000 EW

14. Among others there are several measures with impacts on mobility and housing: • Extension of paid parking zones. • High acceptance by district councils, residents and business! • Elimination of high number of on-street parking spaces. • Program to reduce footway parking and violation. • 1000 bicycle parkings in public space • Lots of promotional activities and campaigns What measures did Krakow develop / finance? • Big problem in Poland: Municipality can‘t decide on own parking rates. This is fixed on very low level by national law.

15. Örebro ca. 144.000 EW

16. What measures did Örebro develop / finance? • Among others there are several measures with impacts on mobility and housing: • Extension of paid parking zones. • Introduction of charges at workplaces where parking is free. • All municipal workplaces in the central part of Örebro now have paid parking on street or off street. More than 800 municipal employees have been affected by this measure • Introduction for more flexible parking standards when building new houses. • Developers should get freedom to build fewer parking lots, if they can show methods to reduce the demand for parking. Now flexible standards with a maximum have been implemented. • Development of a car parking management programs for city districts • The new city district, Södra Ladugårdsängen (ca 2500-3000 housing units and 5000-6000 inhabitants) will be build on the principle of 2-3 collective parking garages supplying the whole district and very few other parking spaces

17. Download from: push-pull-parking.eu Main outputs and products • Catalogue of mobility management measures • Catalogue of best implementation of parking space management • Brochure and video clip on 16 good reasons for Parking Management • Fact sheets of activities of all 8 implementation cities / institutions • Training material and sessions on parking space management and MM activities • Brochure with activities of Push & Pull Implementation Cities and sites. • Project video on the Core FundingMechanism • Many thanks! Robert Pressl pressl@fgm.at