By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

1. ROMANTICISM: Emotions! Passion! Irrationality By: Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. Congress of Vienna • The Age of Metternich- • 3 goals • Conservatism- Why?

3. The Spirit of the Age (1790-1850) • A sense of a shared vision among the Romantics. • Early support of the French Revolution. • Rise of the individual  alienation. • Dehumanization of industrialization. • Radical poetics / politics  an obsession with violent change.

4. Compare and contrast Enlightenment and Romantic views of nature, with reference to specific individuals and their works.

6. A Growing Distrust of Reason Early19c Enlightenment Romanticism Society is good, curbing violent impulses! Civilization corrupts! -Rousseau • The essence of human experience is subjective and emotional. • Human knowledge is a puny thing compared to other great historical forces. • “Individual rights” are dangerous efforts at selfishness  the community is more important.

7. The Romantic Movement • Began in the 1790s and peaked in the 1820s. • Mostly in Northern Europe, especially in Britain and Germany. • A reaction against classicism. • The “Romantic Hero:” • Greatest example was Lord Byron • Tremendously popular among the European reading public. • Youth imitated his haughtiness and rebelliousness.

8. Philosophical forerunners of Romanticism • 1. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778): most important (Social Contract, 1762); believed society and materialism corrupted human nature • • Believed man was a “noble savage” in a state of nature

9. George William Friedreich Hegel (1770-1831) • Dialectic -- initial idea (thesis) is challenged by an opposing view (anti-thesis) and results in a hybrid of the two ideas (synthesis)

10. Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814) • a. In Addresses to the German Nation (1806) he developed a romantic nationalism that saw Germans as superior over other peoples. • b. Strongly anti-Semitic

11. Romanticism • Emotion over reason • Emphasized the human senses, passion, and faith • Glorification of nature; emphasized its beauty and tempestuousness • Rejected the Enlightenment view of nature as a precise harmonious whole as well as deism. • Rejected Enlightenment view of the past which was counter-progressive to human history

12. Encouraged personal freedom and flexibilityBy emphasizing feeling, humanitarian movements were created to fight slavery, poverty and industrial evils.In some cases, drew upon ideals of the Middle Ages (gothic)Honor, faith and chivalry

13. Characteristics of RomanticismCopy this in your notebook

16. Wandering Above the Sea of FogCaspar David Friedrich,1818

17. The Wreck of the Hope (aka The Sea of Ice)Caspar David Friedrich, 1821

18. The Raft of the MedusaThéodore Géricault, 1819

19. The Eruption of Vesuvius - John Martin

20. Dr. Frankenstein’s Adam & Eve??

21. Rain, Steam, and SpeedJoseph Mallord William Turner, 1844

22. Rain, Steam, & Speed(details)

23. The Slave ShipJoseph Mallord William Turner, 1842

24. The Slave Ship(details)

25. Flatford Mill – John Constable, 1817

26. The Hay Wain - John Constable, 1821

27. Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop’s GroundJohn Constable, 1825

28. Salisbury Cathedral from the MeadowsJohn Constable, 1831

29. British Houses of Parliament1840-1865

30. Neuschwanstein

31. Cloister Cemetery in the SnowCaspar David Friedrich, 1817-1819

32. Saturn DevoursHis SonFrancisco Goya,1819-1823

33. Greece on the Ruins of MissolonghiEugène Delacroix, 1827

34. Liberty Leading the People Eugène Delacroix, 1830

35. Detail of theMusket BearerDelacoix, himself

36. The Shooting of May 3, 1808Francisco Goya, 1815

37. God as the Architect - William Blake, 1794

38. Romanticism in Literature • The world is too much with us” by William Wordsworth • The World is too much with us; late and soon,    • Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers:    • Little we see in Nature that is ours;  • We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!  • …we are out of tune 

39. The Great Age of the Novel Historical Novel:Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott (1819) Les Miserables - Victor Hugo (1862)The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas (1844)

40. The Great Age of the Novel • Science Fiction Novel:Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (1817) Dracula – Bramm Stoker (1897)

41. Other Romantic Writers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Grimm’s Fairy Tales (1814-1816) - Defined German culture- Nationalism JohannWolfgang von Goethe- Faust (1806-1832) Faust sells his soul to the devil for all knowledge-

42. The Romantic Poets • Percy Byssche Shelley • Lord Byron (George Gordon) • Samuel Taylor Coleridge • William Wordsworth • John Keats • William Blake

43. George Gordon’s(Lord Byron)Poem ThePrisonerof Chillon

44. Music • Music (c. 1820-1900) • 1. Romantic music places a strong connection with emotion as well as nationalism (which is conveyed through the use of national folk songs)

45. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1826) • Transitional figure between the Classical and Romantic eras • One of the first composers to covey inner human emotion through music • Epitomized the genius who was not constrained by patronage (as were virtually all of his predecessors) • Many of his later works were written when he was deaf • First composer to incorporate vocal music in a symphony by using the text to one of Schiller’s poems (“Ode to Joy”) in the last movement of his 9th Symphony.

46. Franz Schubert (1797-1828) FrédéricChopin (1810-49): Richard Wagner (1813-1883), • German nationalist composer who strongly emphasized Germanic myths and legends (Anti-Semitic) • Peter Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) • 1812 Overture (1882)

47. Romanticism: The Great Paradox

48. The Political Implications • Romanticism could reinforce the greatest themes of political liberalism or political conservatism. • Contributed to growing nationalist movements. • The concepts of the Volk and the Volkgeist. • The uniqueness of cultures was emphasized.