Happy Thursday! Please answer the following:

1. Happy Thursday! Please answer the following: • Name any famous speech & its speaker. • What makes a speech effective? Why? Speaker Audience Purpose

2. Oratorical Devices • Used in oral presentations (SPEECHES) & other PERSUASIVE writing/speaking situations • Makes the presentation MEMORABLE & EFFECTIVE • Makes it “STICK” • Focuses on the AUDIENCE & their REACTION

3. A Word about Speeches… The most common phobia that Americans have is glossophobia, the fear of public speaking. 75% of all Americans report having a fear of public speaking, beating out fear of spiders, fear of the dark and even fear of death • Know Your Audience • To woo audience members, you must do two things: • Find out what they want to hear, and • Figure out how to get that message across.

4. Logos, Pathos, & Ethos…oh my! The goal of argumentative writing is to persuade your audience that your ideas are valid, or more valid than someone else's. The Greek philosopher Aristotle divided the means of persuasion, appeals, into three categories--Ethos, Pathos, Logos. Yes, I am an old Greek dude…no, I am not Mr. Baker!

5. The Argument a discussion involving differing points of view; debate Also Known As: Position Stance

6. The Counter Argument contrary; in opposition. Also Known As: Rebuttal Concession

7. the repetition of a sentence structure for rhetorical effect Parallelism "New roads; new ruts."(G. K. Chesterton) "The more we do, the more we can do."(William Hazlitt) "They are laughing at me, not with me."(Bart Simpson, The Simpsons)

8. Rhetorical Question • It is not answered by the writer, • Its answer is obvious or obviously desired • It is used for effect & emphasis • "Can I ask a rhetorical question? Well, can I?"(Ambrose Bierce) • For if we lose the ability to perceive our faults, what is the good of living on? • --Marcus Aurelius In a hurry, pal?

9. Pregnant Pause… A pause that gives the impression that it will be followed by something significant. John took the microphone and asked Sarah to marry him. There was a pregnant pause while he, and the 3000-strong audience, waited for an answer.

10. Rhetorical Triangle: Ways to Persuade Speaker: The WHO Audience: To WHOM Still … NOT Mr. Baker! Purpose: The WHY Remember the rhetorical transaction…..good times

11. Logos Logos(Logical): means persuading by the use of reasoning. Use of Facts Use of Statistics Use of Evidence Use of Numbers The Message Example: A Snickers bar has 280 calories and 30 grams of sugar; That’s not very healthy.

12. Pathos Pathos (Emotional): means persuading by appealing to the reader's emotions. Getting people to FEEL: * happy * sad * angry Creates ACTION! The Maki people of the South are known to be invading our towns! They are corrupting our children and taking our jobs!! Vote for me and I will eradicate this menace!

13. Ethos Ethos (Credibility), or ethical appeal: means convincing by the credibility of the author. Key words: Trust Respect Honesty Record Truth Believe

14. Great Speeches Through Time • Watch & Listen to the clip • Discuss the purpose, audience, speaker • Mark the oratorical devices: • A. Parallelism (underline) • B. Rhetorical Question (Circle) • C. Pregnant Pause (Check mark) • D. Logos (Star & Label) • E. Pathos (Star & Label) • F. Ethos (Star & Label) Speaker Purpose Audience

15. We are Marshall Identify & Label: Logos Pathos Ethos Pregnant Pause Rhetorical Question Parallelism

16. We are Marshall For those of you who may not know, this is the final resting place for six members of the 1970 Thundering Herd. The plane crash that took their lives was so severe, so absolute, that their bodies were unable to be identified. So they were buried here. Together. Six players. Six teammates. Six Sons of Marshall. This is our past, gentlemen. This is where we have been. This is how we got here. This is who we are. Today, I want to talk about our opponent this afternoon. They're bigger, faster, stronger, more experienced and on paper, they're just better. And they know it too. But I want to tell you something that they don't know. They don't know your heart. I do. I've seen it. You have shown it to me. You have shown this coaching staff, your teammates. You have shown yourselves just exactly who you are in here. When you take that field today, you've got to lay that heart on the line, men. From the souls of your feet, with every ounce of blood you've got in your body, lay it on the line until the final whistle blows. And if you do that, if you do that, we cannot lose. Identify & Label: Logos Pathos Ethos Pregnant Pause Rhetorical Question Parallelism

17. Miracle Identify & Label: Logos Pathos Ethos Pregnant Pause Rhetorical Question Parallelism

18. Miracle Great moments are born from great opportunity.And that's what you have here tonight, boys.That's what you've earned here, tonight.One game.If we played 'em ten times, they might win nine.But not this game. Not tonight.Tonight, we skate with 'em.Tonight, we stay with 'em, and we shut them down because we can!Tonight, we are the greatest hockey team in the world.You were born to be hockey players -- every one of ya.And you were meant to be here tonight.This is your time.Their time -- is done. It's over.I'm sick and tired of hearin' about what a great hockey team the Soviets have.Screw 'em!This is your time!!Now go out there and take it! Identify & Label: Logos Pathos Ethos Pregnant Pause Rhetorical Question Parallelism

19. Vince Lombardi: Winning is a Habit Identify & Label: Logos Pathos Ethos Pregnant Pause Rhetorical Question Parallelism

20. Vince Lombardi: Winning is a Habit Identify & Label: Logos Pathos Ethos Pregnant Pause Rhetorical Question Parallelism Winning is not a sometime thing. You don't win once-in-a-while. You don't do things right once-in-a-while. You do them right all the time.Winning is a habit. Unfortunately, so is losing. There is no room for second place. There is only one place in my game, and that is first place. I have finished second twice in my time at Green Bay, and I don't ever want to finish second again. There is a second place bowl game--but it is a game for losers played by losers. It is and always has been an American zeal to be the first in anything we do and to win, and to win, and to win…

21. Armageddon Identify & Label: Logos Pathos Ethos Pregnant Pause Rhetorical Question Parallelism

22. Armageddon I address you tonight, not as the President of the United States, not as the leader of a country, but as a citizen of humanity. We are faced with the very gravest of challenges,The Bible calls this day Armageddon. The end of all things. And yet for the first time...in the history of the planet, a species has the technology… to prevent its own extinction. All of you praying with us need to know… that everything that can be done to prevent this disaster… is being called into service. The human thirst for excellence, knowledge every step up the ladder of science, every adventurous reach into space, all of our combined modern technologies and imaginations, even the wars that we’ve fought, have provided us the tools… to wage this terrible battle. Through all the chaos that is our history, though all of the wrongs and the discord, through all of the pain and suffering, Through all of our times, there is one thing that has… nourished our souls. And elevated our species above its origins. And that is our courage. Dreams of an entire planet are focused tonight… on those 14 brave souls… traveling into the heavens. And may we all, citizens the world over, see these events through. God speed and good luck to you. Identify & Label: Logos Pathos Ethos Pregnant Pause Rhetorical Question Parallelism

23. Identify & Label: Logos Pathos Ethos Pregnant Pause Rhetorical Question Parallelism FDR: Day of Infamy Speech

24. George W. Bush: 9/11 Address Identify & Label: Logos Pathos Ethos Pregnant Pause Rhetorical Question Parallelism

25. JFK: Ask Not… Identify & Label: Logos Pathos Ethos Pregnant Pause Rhetorical Question Parallelism

26. MLK: I Have a Dream Identify & Label: Logos Pathos Ethos Pregnant Pause Rhetorical Question Parallelism

27. Exit Card • Of the speeches presented today, which was the most effective in reaching its target audience? Why?(Please also list the devices the speaker used!) OR • Create an example of PARALLELISM that also uses PATHOS.