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Cell Reproduction

Cell Reproduction. Check this out!! Breast cancer cells dividing: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hm03rCUODqg&NR=1&feature=fvwp. The Cell Cycle. Eukaryotic cells that grow and divide undergo an orderly sequence of events called the cell cycle. The cell cycle consists of two distinct phases:

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Cell Reproduction

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  1. Cell Reproduction • Check this out!! • Breast cancer cells dividing: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hm03rCUODqg&NR=1&feature=fvwp

  2. The Cell Cycle • Eukaryotic cells that grow and divide undergo an orderly sequence of events called the cell cycle. • The cell cycle consists of two distinct phases: • Interphase • Cell growth • Sub-phases: • G1 • S phase • G2 • Mitotic phase • Cell division

  3. From One gene to 25,000 genes • OK, we’ve talked about how to transcribe and translate one gene found on the DNA in our nuclei into a functioning protein. But we have more than just one gene…. • Almost all of the genes of a eukaryotic cell • Are located on chromosomes in the cell nucleus.

  4. Transcription and Translation occur all throughout Interphase: when the cell is growing and duplicating all of its cell structures and organelles!!

  5. Eukaryotic Chromosomes • Each eukaryotic chromosome contains one very long DNA molecule, • Typically bearing thousands of genes. • The number of chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell • Depends on the species.

  6. Detailed representations of DNA • Notice that the bases pair in a complementary fashion.

  7. DNA Replication • When a cell or whole organism reproduces, a complete set of genetic instructions must pass from one generation to the next. • This happens during S phase

  8. Figure 10.8

  9. The Cell Cycle • Eukaryotic cells that grow and divide undergo an orderly sequence of events called the cell cycle. • The cell cycle consists of two distinct phases: • Interphase • Cell growth • Sub-phases: • G1 • S phase • G2 • Mitotic phase • Cell division

  10. Mitosis and Cytokinesis • Mitosis • Is the division of the chromosomes. • Is preceded by interphase. From movie folder play: - AnimalMitosis_SV.mpg

  11. Chromosomes • Are made of chromatin, a combination of DNA and protein molecules. • Are not visible in a cell until cell division occurs.

  12. The DNA in a cell is packed into an elaborate, multilevel system of coiling and folding.

  13. G1 phase S phase • Before a cell divides, it duplicates all of its chromosomes, resulting in two copies called sister chromatids. G2 phase • When the cell divides, the sister chromatids separate from each other. M phase

  14. Figure 8.8.1

  15. Mitosis consists of four distinct phases: • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase

  16. Figure 8.8.2

  17. Figure 8.8.3

  18. Cytokinesis • Typically occurs during telophase. • Is the division of the cytoplasm. • Is different in plant and animal cells.

  19. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlgV_zoHQxE&p=AC919FD76880441F&playnext=1&index=39http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlgV_zoHQxE&p=AC919FD76880441F&playnext=1&index=39 Figure 8.9b

  20. Cancer Cells: Growing Out of Control • Normal plant and animal cells have a cell cycle control system. • Cancer is a disease of the cell cycle. • Cancer cells do not respond normally to the cell cycle control system. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hm03rCUODqg&NR=1&feature=fvwp

  21. Cancer cells can form tumors, • Abnormally growing masses of body cells. • If a tumor is malignant, • It can spread to other parts of the body.

  22. Cancer Treatment • Cancer treatment can involve • Radiation therapy, which damages DNA and disrupts cell division. • Chemotherapy, which uses drugs that disrupt cell division. • Turn and talk: How would damaging the DNA of a cell disrupt cell division?

  23. Cancer cells are often grown in culture for study.

  24. Cancer Prevention and Survival • Cancer prevention includes changes in lifestyle: • Not smoking • Exercising adequately • Avoiding exposure to the sun • Eating a high-fiber, low-fat diet • Visiting the doctor regularly • Performing regular self-examinations

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