CELL REPRODUCTION

1. CELL REPRODUCTION Unit Target: Observe how the structure and function of organisms change as they grow and develop.

2. DLT: Compare the sizes of cells of different organisms. (R) True or False? A 50 foot tree has larger cells than a tree that is 5 feet tall. False. Cell size is fairly consistent between small and large organisms.

3. DLT: Explain the problems in maintaining homeostasis associated with increasing cell size. (R) Which of the following is a demand placed on large cells? a. DNA information crisis b. Ability to transport nutrients c. Ability to remove wastes d. All of the above d.

4. If the cubes to the right represent cells, which cell would have the best change of having nutrients diffuse to inner organelles? The smallest cell because the nutrients have less distance to travel.

5. During the “Tootsie Roll Analogy”: What did the Tootsie Roll represent? Nutrients What did the last person in the row represent? A cell organelle What did the candy wrapper represent? Waste How did the waste leave the cell? Through the cell membrane

6. What was concluded from the “Tootsie Roll Analogy”? • Larger cells are more likely to receive nutrients and get rid of wastes more efficiently. • Small cells are more likely to receive nutrients and get rid of wastes more efficiently. • Cell size is unimportant in regard to receiving nutrients and eliminating wastes. B

7. DLT: Calculate the volume, surface area, and ratio of surface area to volume for cube cell models. (S) True or False? The surface area of a cube is calculated by adding the length, width and number of sides. False. Multiply the length, width and number of sides.

8. If a volume of a 3 cm cube is calculated by multiplying length, width and height which unit would be used? • mm2 • cm3 • mL • cm2 b

9. What is the volume of a 2mm cube? • 8mm3 (L x W x D= 2x2x2) • What is the surface area of that 2mm cube? • 24mm2 (L x W x # of sides= 2x2x6)

10. What is the ratio of surface area to volume of a cell that has a surface area of 10 cm2 and a volume of 5 cm3? 2:1

11. DLT: Model the effect of cell division on the problems associated with increasing cell size. (S) What conclusion can be drawn from the agar cell lab? • Nutrients diffuse faster into small cells. • Nutrients can reach all of the organelles of a small cell. • Nutrients diffuse faster into large cells. • Nutrients can reach all of the organelles of a large cell. b.

12. Which cell would be most likely to maintain homeostasis and survive? • A cell with a 6:1 surface area to volume ratio • A cell with a 2:1 surface area to volume ratio A. More surface area allows for better transfer of nutrients and waste.

13. How is this large nerve cell able to get the nutrients it needs to maintain homeostasis? The tendrils create a lot of surface area.

14. DLT: Define asexual reproduction. (K) Asexual reproduction results in genetically ( alike / different ) individuals. Is growing a new sweet potato from a sweet potato root an example of asexual reproduction? yes

15. DLT: State the purpose of cell reproduction. (K) Which is not a reason for cell reproduction? • Growth • Repair • Replacement of old cells • To increase volume d

16. DLT: Describe the structure of chromosomes. (K) Sister chromatids are attached to each other at an area called a a. Centriole b. Centromere c. Spindle d. Chromosome b

17. Label the eukarytoic chromosome using the words centromere, chromosome, sister chromotids.

18. How is the prokaryotic chromosome different from the eukaryotic chromosome? It is circular It is not in a nucleus

19. If a cell has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis? a. 4 b. 6 c. 12 d. 24 c

20. DLT: Describe the behavior of eukaryotic chromosomes during the stages of the cell cycle. (K) The cell cycle stage in which the cell grows and prepares for division by copying the DNA is called _________________. Interphase

21. The stage of the cell cycle in which the nuclear material divides: _____________ Mitosis

22. Match each stage of interphase with its description. G1 DNA duplicates S Cells do most of their growing G2 Many of the organelles required for cell division are produced

23. Name the stage of mitosis Prophase

24. Metaphase

25. Anaphase

26. Telophase

27. Anaphase

28. Metaphase

29. Prophase

30. telophase

31. prophase

32. telophase

33. Anaphase

34. metaphase

35. Cytokinesis is division of the cell’s ____________. Cytoplasm

36. Truth or Baloney? Cytokinesis results in two daughter cells with identical genetic material. True

37. DLT: Explain how the cell cycle is regulated. (K) A non-cancerous tumor is said to be benign. True

38. Melanoma has a high mortality rate because • It has a low cure rate, even when caught early • All cancers are deadly. • It spreads through the body through a process known as metastasis • It doesn’t have a high mortality rate. C.

39. The disease of uncontrolled cell growth: ______________ Cancer

40. DLT: Compare and contrast cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (R) Is this a prokaryotic cell or eukaryotic cell? No nucleus P Linear chromosome E Bacterium P Animal Cell E Circular chromosome P Nucleus E

41. DLT: Determine and illustrate in graph form the time allotted to each stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (S) Do cells spend more time in interphase or mitosis? Interphase

42. DLT: Compare and contrast the cell cycles of normal and cancerous cells. (R) Would a cancerous cell increase or decrease the time it spends in the cell cycle? Decrease Why is this bad Cells reproduce too quickly resulting in tumors.