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Diffusion Active transport Passive transport Exocytosis Endocytosis Concentration gradient Dialysis Facilitated diffusion Enzymes Metabolism Catabolism Anabolism. Hypertonic solution Hypotonic solution Substrate Enzyme activation Enzyme inhibition Glycolysis Citric acid cycle
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Diffusion • Active transport • Passive transport • Exocytosis • Endocytosis • Concentration gradient • Dialysis • Facilitated diffusion • Enzymes • Metabolism • Catabolism • Anabolism • Hypertonic solution • Hypotonic solution • Substrate • Enzyme activation • Enzyme inhibition • Glycolysis • Citric acid cycle • Electron transport chain • DNA • RNA • Transcription • Translation • Mitosis Vocabulary Chapter 4Due Sept 13 and page 13 Axial & Appendicular skeleton
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people. The order, or sequence, of these bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism, similar to the way in which letters of the alphabet appear in a certain order to form words and sentences. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
DNA transcription is a process that involves the transcribing of genetic information from DNA to RNA. The transcribed DNA message is used to produce proteins. DNA is housed within the nucleus of our cells. It controls cellular activity by coding for the production of enzymes and proteins. The information in DNA is not directly converted into proteins, but must first be copied into RNA. This ensures that the information contained within the DNA does not become tainted. Transcription
Translation is the initial step in the production of proteins by the cell. Translation uses the product of transcription, mRNA, as the template for constructing a sequence of polypeptides. This is done according to the genetic code. Each mRNA base signifies a series of three amino acids. The amino acids join to form polypeptides, which are modified to become proteins. Translation