I. General Information about the Skeletal System A. ______________________- study

1. Kinesiology I. General Information about the Skeletal System A. ______________________- study of movement of the human body.

2. B. Division of the Skeletal System Human Skeleton (206 bones TOTAL) AXIAL Skeleton • Skull (22 bones) • Hyoid (1 bone) • Auditory ossicles(6 bones) • Vertebral column (26 bones) • Thorax (25 bones) • = 80 bones total

3. Human Skeleton (206 bones TOTAL) Appendicular Skeleton • Clavicle (2 bones) • Scapula (2 bones) • Upper limbs (60 bones) • Pelvic Girdle (2 bones) • Lower limbs (60 bones) • = 126 bones

4. Blue = axial Yellow = appendicular

5. Foramen C. Bone and Surface Markings 1. Depressions & Openings: a. ___________________- opening for blood vessels, nerves and/or ligaments. example – b. _____________________- shallow depression in or on the bone. example - Opening in pelvis bone Fossa Coronoidfossa of the humerus

6. condyle 2. Processes that form joints a. _________________- large rounded prominence that forms joints. example – b. _________________- rounded project that is supported on a thinner “neck” and forms a joint. example - Knobs on lower femur at knee head Top of the femur (“ball”)

7. 3. Processes that tendons, ligaments & other tissue connect to: a. _____________________ - large, blunt projection only on the femur (not the “ball” part) b. _____________________ - prominent border or ridge Example - Trochanter Crest Illiac crest at top of hip bone

8. Turbocity Deltoid turbocity of the humerus c. ____________________- large, rounded projection, usually with a rough surface. Example – d. __________________________________- a sharp, slender project. Example - Spine or Spinous process The part of the vertebrae that you can palpate on someone’s back

9. articulate 4. ______________________- to make contact with. (ex- me humerus articulates with the radius)

10. larger D. General differences between male & female skeletons 1. Male bones are _______________ and_____________________ than female bones. 2. Male points of _____________________ are larger. heavier Muscle attachment

11. II. Upper Appendage A. Definition of Upper Appendage: _______ __________________________________ B. Pectoral Girdle – the _______________ & ________________ that anchors the limb to the axial skeleton. Pectoral Girdle + Upper Limb clavicle scapula

12. Clavicle Most commonly 1. ___________________ (collar bone) a. it is the ___________________ fractured bone due to one outstretching their arms when s/he falls.

13. CLAVICLE LATERAL _________ end of the clavicle MEDIAL _________ end of the clavicle

14. scapula 2. ________________________ (shoulder blade) Scapular spine _________________ Used for attachment to shoulder muscles. Infraspinous process _________________ attaches to rotator cuff muscles.

15. _________________ ________________ attaches to rotator cuff muscles. Supraspinous process

16. ____________-Articulates with the __________. (This is where a “separated shoulder” occurs.) ACROMION CLAVICLE __________________ Articulates with the head of the _________________ to form a ball & socket joint. Glenoid Fossa humerus

17. ______________________________ Used for attachment to chest and arm muscles. Coracoid process ____________________- faces towards the ribs. Subscapular fossa

18. Separated shoulder 3. ____________________________- an injury where the joint between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion of the shoulder is affected (often happens with forceful trauma).

20. Humerus C. ____________________- (upper arm bone) _____________articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula. HEAD __________________________ Where the humerus narrows. Anatomical neck _________________________- Attachment point for deltoid muscle. Deltoid Turberosity

21. ______________ ___________- Articulates with the ulna when arm is bent. CORONOID FOSSA ____________ (lateral side) Articulates with the radius CAPITULUM ___________-(spool shaped) Articulates with the ulna. TROCHLEA

22. _______________. Articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna. Olecranon fossa

23. D. ____________________- (lower arm bone on the little finger side) Ulna ULNA

24. Ulna – full view Styloid Process _______________Articulates with the carpals of the wrist

25. Ulna – enlarged proximal end; lateral view Trochlear notch _______________where the humerus fits _____________________ “point” of elbow Olecranon process _____________________ Where the radius fits. Radial Notch ________________________-articulate with coronoid fossa of humerus CORONOID PROCESS

26. E. ____________________- (lower arm on the thumb side) Radius RADIUS

27. head _______________Articulates with the capitulum. (allows the hand to face “palms up”) Styloid process _______________ (commonly “fall”fracture by people over 50)

28. Dislocation of the radial head 1. ______________________________ - the head of the radius slides past or ruptures the ligament that forms a collar around the head of the radius (most common upper limb dislocation in children).

30. F. Carpals - _______________________________ 8 bones in the wrist _______________2 rows of bones that forms a tunnel for nerves & tendons to pass through. CARPALS Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ______________________- when the nerves of this tunnel are compressed and cause numbness, tingling & weakening in the hand.

32. 5 bones that make up the palm of the hand G. Metacarpals - ___________________________ METACARPALS • ______________________ • - Each metacarpal has a base (proximal), body & a head (distal). • It is the _____________ of the metacarpal that makes _________________ when you clench your fist. head knuckles

33. 14 bones of the fingers & thumb H. Phalanges - ____________________________ Proximal Phalanges

34. Middle Phalanges

35. Distal Phalange

36. Specialized phalange that makes up the thumb I. Pollex - ____________________________ Pollex – no middle phalange

37. Pelvic Girdle IV. _________________________- both hip bones A. Three functions of the pelvic girdle: 1. _________________ the vertebral column 2. _____________________________ of the pelvis (bladder, reproductive organs, rectum). 3. __________________________ to the axial skeleton. supports Protects the organs Attaches lower limbs

38. B. Features of the Pelvic Girdle Coxal ______________- the two “hip” bones that are made up of the: _______________ _______________________ which fuse together by age 23. Illium, ischium & pubis

39. _________________- joint that joins the two coxal bones. Pubic Symphasis

40. _________________- divides the pelvis into an upper & lower portion. Pelvic Brim

41. _________________- joint on the posterior side where the 2 coxal bones join the sacrum. Sacroilliac joint

42. _________________everything above the pelvic brim. It is actually considered to be part of the ______________ & only contains the bladder when it is _________ and uterus during _____________. False Pelvis abdomen full pregnancy

43. _________________below the pelvic brim which surrounds the pelvic cavity True Pelvis

44. _______________ upper opening of the true pelvis. Pelvic Inlet

45. _______________ lower opening of the true pelvis. Pelvic Outlet

46. C. ________________ - largest part of the coxal bone Illium Anterior View Illiac crest

47. Lateral View of Coxal Bone _________________________ - where the sciatic nerve (longest nerve in body) passes through. Greater sciatic notch

48. D. ________________ - lower, posterior part of coxal bone. Ischium Anterior View

49. E. ________________ - lower, anterior part of the coxal bone. Pubis Anterior View

50. F. Features created by the joining of the bones of the coxal. (lateral view) Acetabulum ____________- socket for the head of the femur formed by the joining of all 3 coxal bones.