Imperialism

1. Imperialism What factors led the US to imperialize?

2. Destiny – Once Manifest Destiny was achieved the US looked outside its borders for more land.

3. Darwinism – Theory of Social Darwinism promoted the idea that non-Whites were inferior. The White Man’s Burden

4. Dollars - Commercial/Business interests wanted access to more raw materials and markets American Foreign Trade:1870-1914 US Foreign Investments 1869-1908

5. Defense/Power - Military/Strategic Interests Democracy – spreading democratic valuse Alfred T. Mahan  The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

6. Democracy – spread democratic values

7. Deity - Religious/Missionary Interests American Missionariesin China, 1905

8. 1867 – Midwaymidway between US and China

9. 1867 - Alaska purchased from Russia for $7.2 million

10. 1878- Pago Pago1899 – partition of the islands between the US and Germany

11. Hawaii • Missionaries went to Hawaii as early as 1820 • 1887 US pressured King Kalakua into letting the US construct Pearl Harbor to protect American Pacific interest. • 1890 McKinley tariff led to higher tariffs and complaints from sugar and pineapple growers in Hawaii.

12. Hawaii • 1893 - Led by Dole, the pineapple and sugar growers staged a rebellion and overthrew Queen Liliuokalani (sister of Kalakua). • 1894 - Hawaii, led by Dole, asked to be annexed by the US. President Cleveland refused to consider it. • 1898 – President McKinley pushed for and succeeded in annexing Hawaii.

13. Additional territories • 1898 - In the Spanish American War the US will gain Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. • 1899 – US acquired Wake Island • 1903 – US acquired the rights to build a canal across Panama and control of the territory on either side of the canal. • 1917 – US purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark for $25 million to keep them out of the hands of Germany during WWI.

14. Spanish American War 1898

15. In 1898 Cuba was a colony of Spain. The Cubans were fighting for their independence. The US intervened on the side of the Cubans Causes of the Spanish American War, 1898 #1 – Business interests – the US had $50 million invested in Cuba and $100 million in sugar imports each year. The conflict between Cuba and Spain disrupted trade.

16. #2 - “Yellow Journalism Joseph Pulitzer Hearst to Frederick Remington:You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! William Randolph Hearst

17. Yellow Journalism

18. #3- De Lôme Letter • Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish Ambassador to the U.S. • Criticized President McKinley as weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd, besides being a would-be politician who tries to leave a door open behind himself while keeping on good terms with the jingoes of his party.

19. #4 -Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain! Funeral for 260 Mainevictims in Havana

20. Teller AmendmentApril 20, 1898 “Fourth. That the United States herby disclaims any disposition or intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over said Island except for the pacification thereof, and asserts its determination, when that is accomplished, to leave the government and control of the Island to its people.”

21. The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War”

22. Dewey Captures Manila!

23. The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War”

24. The “Rough Riders” Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders – Battle of San Juan Hill - big victory for the American forces.

25. The Treaty of Paris: 1898 • Cuba was freed from Spanish rule. • Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of Guam. • The U. S. paid Spain $20 mil. for the Philippines. • The U. S. became an imperial power!

26. Deaths in the Spanish American War • Of the 274,000 who served 5462 died. • Only 379 were battle casualties, the others were due to disease – mostly yellow fever and malaria.

27. Cuban Independence? Senator Orville Platt Platt Amendment (1903) 1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence. 2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt. 3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station. 4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.

28. Cuba as a US protectorate (Platt Amendment)

29. Philippines

30. Emilio Aguinaldo • Leader of the Filipino Uprising.

31. President McKinley said the Filipinos were unfit for self government. • “There is nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them.” • The Philippine uprising was more costly in terms of money and US deaths than the Spanish American War.

32. William H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the Philippines

33. Insular CasesDoes the Constitution follow the flag? The question was never fully answered but the answer is basically… no. Residents of the territories did not immediately and automatically become citizens nor did they gain the protection of the Constitution. (Congress could extend those privileges as it saw fit.) Incorporated territories (AK and HI) were those that would receive some Constitutional protections while Unincorporated territories would not receive that Constitutional protection.

34. Our “Sphere of Influence”

35. The Imperialist Tailor

44. The American Anti-Imperialist League • Founded in 1899. • Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, Carl Schurz, William Jennings Bryan, Jane Addams, and William James were among the leaders. • Campaigned against the annexation of the Philippines and other acts of imperialism.

45. What are the arguments for and against American imperialism?

46. U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920s

47. U. S. Global Investments &Investments in Latin America, 1914

48. Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!

49. The news reaches Bogota

50. Panama Canal Teddy Roosevelt in Panama (Canal Construction began in 1904)