Positioning and PLC

1. Positioning and PLC

2. Product Differentiation • Most competitive advantages lasts only a short time. Companies therefore constantly need to think up new value adding features and benefits to win the attention and interest of choice rich, price prone consumers.

3. Differentiation • It is the act of designing a set of meaningful differences to distinguish the company’s offering from competitors.

4. How can you differentiate? • Differentiation can be done in various ways depending on the industry and product category. • Differentiation can occur in one or more of these areas – product, services, personnel, channel, image.

5. Form Features Performance Conformance Quality Durability Reliability Repairability Style Design Product Differentiation

6. Services Differentiation • Ordering Ease • Delivery • Installation • Customer Training • Maintenance and repair • Miscellaneous services

7. Personnel Differentiation • Competence • Courtesy • Credibility • Reliability • Responsiveness • Communication

8. Channel Differentiation • Trade • Direct

9. Image Differentiation • Identity – what the company wants to project • Image – what the public perceive • Image can be enhanced by using, symbols, media, atmosphere, events and employee behaviour

10. Relevant Differentiation • Differentiation must be meaningful and relevant to the consumer. So it should satisfy the following criteria • Important • Distinctive • Superior • Preemptive • Affordable • profitable

11. USP • This should be exclusive to the product and make a significant relevant impact to the consumer

12. Positioning • The act of designing the company’s offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the consumer’s mind. • Positioning normally takes one position in the mind. More than one, the company runs the risk of customer credibility and dilution of positioning

13. Positioning Strategies • Attribute • Benefit • Use or application • User • Competitor • Product category • Price/quality

14. PLC • Products have a limited life • Product sales pass through distinct stages • Profits rise and fall at different stages of the PLC • Product require different strategies in each stage of the PLC

15. The Product Life Cycle Maturity Sales or Profits Decline Growth Sales curve Introduction Profit curve Time

16. Strategies - Introduction • Skimming the market • Penetrating the market • Must have sufficient resources to withstand the initial losses and heavy promotion costs • Incremental selling efforts at this stage is highest

17. The competitive cycle Pioneer Introduction Growth of Industry Excess capacities New entrants discouraged Reduction In margins High Inventories Weaker companies withdraw Existing companies consolidate Pioneer increases share

18. Strategies - Growth • Improves quality and adds features • Adds new models and variants • Enters new market segments • Increases distribution coverage and adds new channels • Shifts communication from awareness to preference building • Scale economies enable it to lower prices to attract the next level of price conscious buyers

19. Strategies - Maturity • Most products are in this stage • Price wars are inevitable. • Scramble for market share • The fittest survive • Market modification, product modification, marketing mix modification can help extend the maturity stage

20. Strategies - Decline • Withdrawal • Rationalisation of products • Harvesting whatever is possible • Divesting the product

21. Market Evolution • Emergence • Growth • Maturity • Decline