Hand in 10.2 Notes

1. Hand in 10.2 Notes Start 10.3 Notes

2. Nutrition Quackery -Jesslyn

3. Top Ten Red Flags • top ten red flags for misleading claims: • 1.Recommendations that promise a quick fix. • 2.Dire warnings of danger from a single product or regimen. • 3.Claims that sound too good to be true. • 4.Simplistic conclusions drawn from a complex study. • 5.Recommendations based on a single study.

4. 6.Dramatic statements that are refuted by reputable scientific organizations. • 7.Lists of "good" and "bad" foods. • 8."Spinning" information from another product to match the producer’s claims. • 9.Stating that research is "currently underway," indicating that there is no current research. • 10.Non-science based testimonials supporting the product, often from celebrities or highly satisfied customers

5. Problems within the industry that aid in the promotion of fraudulent nutrition claims include: • Limited enforcement of laws and regulations that prevent a producer from labeling and selling a product under the term “dietary supplement.” • Individuals identifying themselves as nutritionists who have dubious credentials from non-accredited schools. • Research scientists who go public with their findings before their study has been published in a scientific journal or duplicated, resulting in consumer confusion

6. Milk -Jesslyn

7. MILK • RGBH, or recombinant bovine growth hormone, is a GE variation on a naturally occurring hormone injected into dairy cows to increase milk production. It is banned for milk destined for human consumption in the European Union, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. Many milk brands that are rGBH-free label their milk as such, but as much as 40 percent of our dairy products, including ice cream and cheese, contains the hormone.

8. Drinking rBGH milk would thus be expected to significantly increase IGF-1 blood levels and consequently to increase risks of developing breast cancer and promoting its invasiveness.” • What is Lactose intolerance?

9. Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest the milk sugar lactose, causing gastrointestinal symptoms of flatulence, bloating, cramps, and diarrhea in some individuals. This results from a shortage of the lactase enzymes which break down lactose into its simpler forms, glucose and galactose • Overall, about 75 percent of the world's population - lactase persistent

10. Coconut Water -Hannah

11. Helps Prevent Obesity – speeds up Metabolism • Improves Heart Health • High in Dietary Fiber • Low Glycemic Index –slow glucose –low insulin • Reduces Sweet Cravings • Improves Digestion • Quick Energy boost • Non trans fat, gluten free, non toxic, hypoallergenic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, Helps immune system and antiphrastic.

12. Coconut water has five electrolytes your body needs: • 1.Potassium: The most important positive ion (cation) inside your cells; potassium regulates heartbeat and muscle function; coconut water contains 295 mg, which is 15 times the amount in the average sports drink • 2.Sodium: The most important positive ion in fluid outside your cells, and also the one most depleted with exercise, as you lose sodium through sweat and urine • 3.Magnesium: important for maintaining the electrical potential of your cells, proper muscle function, and preventing calcium overload • 4.Phosphorous: Plays important roles in bone health, but also in transferring energy throughout your body, helping your muscles contract, and regulating nerve function (partners with calcium) • 5.Calcium: Important for bone health (partners with phosphorous)

13. Can you really drink your urine? -Anthony

15. Do you drink salt water or your urine?

16. Salt Water • Drinking saltwater in any amount will lead to further dehydration and DEATH more quickly than if you went without water at all. You can use saltwater to cool down your body but never to drink.

17. Urine • You can drink urine 1 to 2 times in an extreme emergency but remember, urine is how you emergency preparedness water pass waste products out of your body. There is more water than waste products in a well hydrated individual however the ratio goes down as your hydration levels go down. Hence your urine will become darker colored as you become more dehydrated. To turn around and put those waste products back into your body and force it to process and filter them again causes more work and bogs your body systems down. This forces your body to need more water to complete the body processes and once again try and pass these waste products yet again, in addition to the new waste products created by the increased workload. It is a process of diminishing returns and eventually your body will shut itself down.

18. Margarine Vs Butter -Carter

19. Calories vs Chemicals • Butter and margarine serve the same purpose. They are used for cooking, baking and as spreads. • Butter has been a dietary stable for centuries. • It is made by churning the fatty portion of cow’s milk until it turns into the final product… butter. That’s it. • Margarine is totally different. It is a highly processed food that was invented to replace butter. The primary ingredient is vegetable oil along with emulsifiers, colorants and various artificial ingredients. • Vegetable oil is liquid at room temperature. This is why margarine is often hydrogenated, which gives it a harder consistency and extends shelf life. Hydrogenation also turns some of the vegetable oils into trans fats.

20. Genetic Designer Baby Cost -Ashley

21. Boy or Girl Cost 19,000 China?

22. China Wealthy Chinese are not-so-secretly creating a race of genetically-superior designer babies by using American surrogates – and surprisingly, it’s a bargain despite price tags of $20,000 to $50,000. The family gets a second, genetically-designed child and can eventually emigrate to the U.S. once the made-to-order baby turns 21. The surrogate alone costs between $22,000 to $30,000, on top of which intended parents have to pay an agency fee of about $17,000 to $20,000, and legal fees of up to $13,000. There are also pre-natal care and delivery fees of up to $16,000.

23. 10.3 Healthy Diet

24. Food Pyramid

25. New Food Pyramid

26. Food Groups • Bread, Cereal, Rice and Pasta Group • Fruit Group • Vegetable Group • Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs and Nuts Group • Milk, Yogurt, and Cheese Group • Fats, Oils and Sweets Group

27. Making Wise Food Choices • Breakfast: most important meal of the day • Reduces irritability, decreases nervousness and enables you to do better in school.

28. Importance with Vegetables and Fruit • Eating a diet rich in vegetables and fruits as part of an overall healthy diet may reduce risk for heart disease, including heart attack and stroke. • Eating a diet rich in some vegetables and fruits as part of an overall healthy diet may protect against certain types of cancers. • Diets rich in foods containing fiber, such as some vegetables and fruits, may reduce the risk of heart disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.

29. Eating vegetables and fruits rich in potassium as part of an overall healthy diet may lower blood pressure, and may also reduce the risk of developing kidney stones and help to decrease bone loss. • Eating foods such as vegetables that are lower in calories per cup instead of some other higher-calorie food may be useful in helping to lower calorie intake.

30. Skipping meals is often seen as an attractive way to lose weight. Unfortunately, the side affects of skipping meals are much more serious than any potential benefits. Some consequences of skipping meals can include promoting the development of diabetes, inadequate nutrition, and drastically altering the way that your body digests food.

31. Blood Sugar Drops and Spikes One of the most important reasons that skipping meals is unhealthy is due to the affect this has on your blood sugar. When you eat a meal, your body breaks up the food. Some of this food is stored as fat, while other parts of it enter your bloodstream as sugar, and work to provide you with energy throughout the day. When you skip a meal, your blood sugar drops dramatically. This not only can make you feel sluggish and tired, but it can also wreck havoc with insulin in your body. If you chronically skip meals, you can be setting yourself up for the development of diabetes later in life

32. Inadequate Nutrition • Another important reason why skipping meals is unhealthy is due to the fact that you are more than likely not receiving adequate nutrition. Eating a diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats helps not only to ensure that your body functions properly, but can also help in the treatment and prevention of a number of serious conditions. Some conditions that can be improved with proper nutrition include cardiovascular disease, strokes, and some types of cancer. You may believe that you can skip meals and still achieve optimal nutrition by supplementing your diet with multivitamins. And while multivitamins do have their place, research has shown that these pills aren't as effective as real food at providing your body with what it needs. For good health, try to eat as naturally as possible.

33. Altered Metabolism • You typically skip meals for two main reasons. One, you are ultra busy and don't have enough time to grab a quick snack, or two, you are trying to lose weight. If you are one of the people who are trying to lose weight, you may be actually sabotaging yourself by skipping meals. When you eat, your metabolism, which is one of your body's functions, works to break the food down into smaller, usable parts. When you skip a meal, your metabolism has nothing to do. In a way, your metabolism is like a muscle. You must use it, or you will "lose it." When your metabolism does not have to work to break down food, it begins to slow down. Then, the next time you do actually eat something, your metabolism is not able to break the food down as quickly, and as a result the food is stored as fat. Therefore, in order to maintain a healthy weight (or even lose weight), it is essential that you eat regularly throughout the day. Recent research has found that five to seven small, regularly timed meals eaten over the course of a day works best when trying to maintain a healthy weight

34. Snacks are important. • Healthy choices include whole grain breads, yogurt, fruits, raw vegetables, pretzels • Poor choices include: chocolate, potato chips, doughnuts, and soda

35. Non-Nutritive Substances • Some foods and beverages contain substances that provide no nutrition and are not considered nutrients. • Caffeine • Artificial Sweeteners • Alcohol • Fat substitutes

36. Vegetarians • People who choose to eat no animal foods are called vegetarians

37. Vegetarian Diet

38. Vegans: eat no animal foods of any kind

39. Semi-vegetarians: eat fish, poultry, eggs and dairy products, but avoid red meat.

40. Lacto-ovo vegetarians: eat eggs, milk and milk products, but do not eat red meat, fish, or poultry.

41. 10.3 Review Questions • Identify the six food groups included in the Food Guide Pyramid. From which group is it suggested you eat the most servings per day? • Name three snacks that are low in fat. • Why are fruits and vegetables so important in your diet today and possibly in future? • What danger comes from skipping a meal or meals? • Using the Food Guide Pyramid, plan a day’s menu for yourself that would meet the minimum daily requirements from each group. List specific foods and amounts for each meal or snack.