印 度 洋

1. Science and Observation Plans of AIPO ProgramJianping Li and Guoxiong WuLASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Beijing 100029, ChinaSeptember 3-4, 2007, Bali, Indonesia

2. 东亚 西 太 平 洋 印 度 洋 The National Basic Research Program of China /973 ProgramOcean-Atmosphere Interaction over the Joining Area of Asia and Indian-Pacific Ocean (AIPO) and Its Impact on the Short-Term Climate Variation in China • Period: 2006.09 - 2011.09 • Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of China • Total Budget: 35,000,000 RMB

3. 国家自然科学基金 委员会 National Natural Science Foundation of China 中国气象局 China Meteorology Administration 国家海洋局 State Oceanic Administration RECOMMENDED JONTLY BY: CAS, NSFC, CMA and SOA

4. OUTLINE • AIPO: Where and Why? • Key Scientific Issues • Subprojects of AIPO Program • Observation Plans & Some Progresses • Summary

5. EastAsia TP Western Pacific Ocean SCS Indian Ocean The AIPO joining area

6. WP Flow 台风源区 SAM EAM Typhoons invade AM Three monsoon systems interact

7. 2. KEY SCIENTIFIC ISSUES The theme of the program is to identify the characteristics, patterns, and causes of air-sea interactions over the AIPO joining area and the intrinsic mechanisms of their impacts on the short-term climate anomalies over China.

8. Specified Objectives • Reveal the characteristics in seasonal to inter-annual time scale of the air-sea interaction in the AIPO joining area, and propose a theoretical framework about the impacts of these processes on the short-term climate variation in this area; • Develop a new-generation OGCM and its coupled climate model, and propose theories and methods for improving the prediction of the East Asian climate variation on seasonal to interannual scales; • Construct a fine spacial resolution ocean data assimilation system for the AIPO joining area, achieve significant advances in the predictability of ENSO and East Asian monsoon, and also provide a set of high-quality ocean re-analysis data in this area.

9. 3. SUBPROJECTS Western Pacific gyre interaction between tropics and subtropics and its relationship with the western Pacific anticyclone 1 Air-sea interaction over the Indian Ocean and its impacts on the Asian monsoon 2 Air-sea coupling process over Western Pacific-Eastern Indian Ocean warm pool and its impacts on the climate over China 3 Water cycle over Asian Monsoon Area 4 Development and improvement of CGCM 5 Ocean data assimilation and East Asia climate predictability 6 Modulation of air-sea interaction by land-sea thermal contrast 7

10. WPSH 1st subproject:Western Pacific gyre interaction between tropics and subtropics and its relationship with the western Pacific anticyclone EA-WP Heat Transport

11. 2nd subproject: Air-sea interaction over the Indian Ocean and its impacts on the Asian monsoon TP IO-EA EA Monsoon IO Air-sea

12. 3rd subproject: Air-sea coupling process over Western Pacific-Eastern Indian Ocean warm pool and its impacts on the climate over China ENSO IO Zonal Mode EA Monsoon Warm Pool ISO IO-WP

13. 4th subproject: Water cycle over the AIPO Area 突发性洪涝 Sudden flood 持续性旱涝 Persistent drought/flood Impacts of ocean thermodynamic and dynamic processes on Asian Monsoon hydrological cycle; The relationship of Asian Monsoon System and vapor transport track and intensity; Impacts of vapor transport anomalies on flood and drought in China; Observations of Air-sea fluxes over South China Sea.

14. 5th subproject: Development and improvement of OGCM Development of a new Generation Oceanic General Circulation Model (OGCM):to describe wave-breaking and current-mixing processes; study influence of waves on air-sea exchange; improve short wave radiation penetration parameterization; develop a new OGCM. Improvement of Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM):to study the influence of wave on air-sea flux exchange; to improve cloud parameterization; and to combine the radiating processes to enhance model performance. Assessment and development of air-sea coupling mode:to evaluate and promote the existing air-sea coupling model; to explore how the improvement of the specific physical processes can influence the integrating performance of the coupling model; and to further develop and improve air-sea coupling model.

15. 6th subproject: Ocean data assimilation and East Asia climate predictability Ocean data assimilation: to improve ocean data assimilation technique; develop variant ocean data assimilation system of high spatial resolution for AIPO area. Predictability of ENSO and monsoon: the nonlinear behavior of ENSO events predictability dynamics and its impacts on East Asian Monsoon predictability; the mechanisms of “Spring Predictability Barrier” of ENSO events; to provide new thinking for ENSO and East Asian Monsoon prediction.

16. 7th subproject:Modulation of air-sea interaction by land-sea thermal contrast Modulation of air-sea interaction over the Indian Ocean by land-sea thermal contrast over Asia-India-Australia area: reveal how land-sea thermal contrast over Asia-India-Australia area affects air-sea interaction over the Indian Ocean and the northern and southern hemisphere interaction, and to investigate how it affects the short-term climate variation in China. Modulation of air-sea interaction over Western Pacific by land-sea thermal contrast over Asian continent-Western Pacific: analyzing TP heat source structure, and seasonal to inter-annual variation patterns of the land-sea thermal contrast between Asian continent and Western Pacific to investigate its impact on East Asian circulation anomalies and air-sea interaction over Western Pacific. Impacts of land-sea thermal contrast over AIPO area on the interaction between high and low latitude in the stratosphere: to investigate the relationships among the large-scale land-sea thermal contrast, the air-sea interaction over AIPO area, and the stratosphere-troposphere dynamical and thermal coupling, and to establish their relationships with East Asian Climate anomalies.

17. Supplementary Observation Plans 科学1号 实验3号

18. Surface mooring east of Luzon Island Schematic observation plan of air-sea interaction in the AIPO Region Western Pacific Ocean Kuroshio SCS NEC Submersible mooring system and cross-section observations over the sea east of Luzon: Three long-term (2-3 years) submersible mooring system observation buoys and several (3-4) cruise observational cross- sections near 18N. Data: upper ocean temperature-salinity, flow velocity and air-sea interface flux, and other key parameters. NECC ITF SEC Indian Ocean

19. Surface mooring east of Luzon Island Subsurface mooring at Karimata strait Subsurface mooring off Java coast Schematic observation plan of air-sea interaction in the AIPO Region Western Pacific Ocean Kuroshio SCS NEC NECC ITF SEC Indian Ocean Observations over Karimata Strait and upwelling region along Java coast:One long-term submersible mooring system. Data: temperature-salinity and flow velocity observational data. SJC

20. Surface mooring east of Luzon Island Air-sea flux tower at Xi-Sha Island Subsurface mooring at Karimata strait Subsurface mooring off Java coast Schematic observation plan of air-sea interaction in the AIPO Region Western Pacific Ocean Kuroshio SCS NEC NECC ITF SEC Indian Ocean SJC

21. Observation stations of the Northern SCS cruise Stations/Cruise-legs MVP line Moorings Mooring (110.5E, 14N) Air-sea flux tower at Xi-Sha Island 18N断面观测：对18N向东延伸，并在开放航次期间同步实施定点浮标或潜标观测(3-4个航次）

22. Some Progresses in Observations Water exchange across Karimata Strait and Java coastalupwelling     A protocol between State Oceanic Administration of China and Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia in late 2006. (1) Nov. 2007, observation equipments will be deployed by use of Indonesia Research Vessel. (2) Feb. 2008, a cruise will be initiated. (3) Nov. 2008, observation equipments will be retrieved and replaced.

23. Java潜标 The protocol was signed by SOA of China and MMAF of Indonesia. Subsurface mooring at Karimata strait IOP

24.     China-Indonesia Workshop on Cooperation of Marine Science and Environmental Protection May 9-10, 2007, Qingdao

25. 2.The first and second open cruises of AIPO973 in Northern SCS Sep. 7, 2006, the Research Vessel (R/V) Experiment No.3 was started its first open research cruise of AIPO973 in the Northern South China Sea from Guangzhou. Main observations: CTD temperature-salinity, GPS sounding, air-sea flux, oceanic meteorology, ADCP route observation, L-ADCP three dimensional oceanic flow, on-line observation of surface temperature-salinity, submersible mooring system, etc. Second research cruise of AIPO973 in the Northern South China Sea in this August.

26. Schematic observation plan of air-sea-land interaction in the AIPO Region Surface mooring east of Luzon Island Air-sea flux tower at Xi-Sha Island Subsurface mooring at Karimata strait Subsurface mooring off Java coast Western Pacific Ocean Kuroshio NPOIMS AIPO CTCZ MAHASRI PALAU NEC SCS NECC ITF SEC Indian Ocean

27. AIPO contributes to AMY Targets: To identify the characteristics, patterns, and causes of air-sea interactions over the AIPO joining area and the intrinsic mechanisms of their impacts on the short-term climate anomalies over China. OGCM and oceanic data assimilation system, high-quality ocean re-analysis dataset for AIPO Observation and data: (1) Period: 06-11, May-June (2) Area/Sites: East Luzon Island, Karimata strait, off Java coast, Xi-Sha Island, Northern SCS Cruises (3) Data: Surface mooring at the three stations, Air-sea flux tower, Intensive RV cruises 1st AIPO annual meeting, Sep 13-14

28. Thank You！ http://973aipo.lasg.ac.cn/