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Unit 1 – Intro to Bio

Unit 1 – Intro to Bio. Skills of the Biologist. Biologists use the Scientific Method to study and solve problems. Researching Proposing Hypothesis Experimenting Observing/Collecting Data Inferring/Making conclusions Graphing Communicating. Researching.

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Unit 1 – Intro to Bio

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  1. Unit 1 – Intro to Bio

  2. Skills of the Biologist Biologists use the Scientific Method to study and solve problems. • Researching • Proposing Hypothesis • Experimenting • Observing/Collecting Data • Inferring/Making conclusions • Graphing • Communicating

  3. Researching • Use as many different sources as possible to find out information about the subject

  4. Proposing a Hypothesis • “educated guess” • what you expect to happen in the experiment • based on your research • written in the IF-THEN format • Ex: IF I drink 1 glass of orange juice every day THEN I will have less colds

  5. Experimenting When possible use a controlled experiment Only change one variable at a time Has 4 parts: 1. Control group – group where everything stays the same, normal conditions 2. Experimental group – group where 1 thing is different *everything else must stay the same between these 2 groups*

  6. 3. Independent variable – the thing that is changed 4. Dependent variable – what is measured or observed to determine if the experiment is working

  7. Example • Divide class into 2 groups. • One group will drink a glass of oj every day at lunch for 2 months. • The other group will have their normal beverage. • Students will record how many colds they get during this time period.

  8. Example 2: PigPen sees a commercial for a new cleaning product called “Snoopy Scrub”. This product promises to keep your floors cleaner longer. He decides to do an experiment to see if this is true. He divides the floor into 2 sides. On one side he uses his normal cleaner and on the other side he uses the Snoopy Scrub. He will count how many days until each side is dirty again. After 7 days the side with Snoopy Scrub is still clean but the other side is covered with dirt.

  9. Identify the following: Hypothesis Control group Experimental group Independent variable Dependent variable Conclusion that should be made

  10. Practice Experiments The Simpson Experiments Worksheet

  11. Designing Experiments Blind Study – When the participant doesn’t know if they are in the control group or the experimental group. Helps to ensure that they participate in the experiment without bias. Placebo – A “fake” medication given to a participant in a blind study.

  12. Double blind study – when the participants and the doctors are unaware who is in the control group or experimental group.

  13. Setting up Experiments 1. Design an experiment to determine if grass seed grows faster in ultraviolet light compared to natural light 2. Design an experiment to determine if giving a cow a vitamin every day makes it produce more milk.

  14. Homework Assignment: • Design an experiment to test something. Be sure your experiment has: Hypothesis Control Group Experimental Group Independent Variable Dependent Variable

  15. Skills of the Biologist • Observing/Collecting Data • Using all the senses to collect information • Inferring/Making conclusions • Making a possible explanation based on observations

  16. Observing/Inferring Examples The tree is green. The tree is able to perform photosynthesis Joe is wearing a sweatshirt Joe is cold The plant is dead Miss Albright forgot to water it.

  17. Graphing • A visual way to represent large amounts of data • Easy, concise, clear to reader • Different types – bar, line, pie

  18. Communicating • Share your conclusions • Assist with research • Your own • Other scientists • Contribute to science!

  19. Keystone Vocab • HYPOTHESIS – proposed scientifically testable explanation for an observed phenomenon • FACT – any observation that has been repeatedly confirmed and accepted as true; any scientific observation that has not been refuted.

  20. OBSERVATION – process of obtaining information by using the senses, direct method of gathering information • INFERENCE – a logical conclusion or opinion that is formed from known facts, evidence or observation

  21. SCIENTIFIC THEORY – explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time, summarizes a hypothesis that has been supported with repeated testing, no evidence to dispute it. Theories can be disproven but not proven. • PRINCIPLE – a concept based on scientific laws where general agreement is present

  22. SCIENTIFIC LAW – Describes relationships under certain conditions in nature, does not explain WHY something occurs. Usually has a mathematical formula that predicts the relationship. • MECHANISM - a process by which something is done or comes into being.

  23. Question of the Day • Write today’s date and the title of the question in your question of the day page and then answer the question. • Today’s Question Characteristics of Life Brainstorm a list of characteristics/traits that you think are necessary in order for something to be considered living? • Ex: 8/30 Characteristics of Life I think all living things must be made of cells, and breath oxygen.

  24. Characteristics of Life Def: organism – any living thing In Bio the following are the traits that determine if an object is living or nonliving: 1. Cellular organization All organisms are composed of cells • Can be unicellular – made of 1 cells, ex: bacteria • Multicellular – many cells, ex: plants, animals

  25. Cells are organized to perform certain functions • Cells are grouped to form tissues • tissues are grouped into organs • organs are grouped into organ systems • organ systems make a complete organisms

  26. 2. Reproduction organisms pass on hereditary info (DNA) from parent to offspring • Asexual – only one parent is involved, the offspring will all be identical to the parent and to each other • Sexual – 2 parents involved, offspring of combination of traits from both parents

  27. 3. Homeostasis “steady state” • Maintaining stable internal conditions • Exs: temperature, oxygen levels, pH levels 4. Responsiveness • Organism can respond to stimuli • Can be a physical or chemical stimuli • Can be external or internal stimuli • Exs: bells, touching something hot

  28. 5. Metabolism • sum of all chemical reactions in the body that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment • Energy comes from: • Autotrophs – make using sunlight • Heterotrophs – consume other organisms

  29. 6. Growth and Development • Growth – get bigger or increase the # of cells • Development – the changes in an organism as it moves from birth to death. • Dev’t has 5 stages: • Birth • growth • Mature • Decline • Death • These can be effected by: disease, predators, accidents, natural disasters, loss of habitat

  30. 7. Groups of organisms also need to have one characteristic to stay living for a long time. Over time groups of organisms must also evolve/change or they will become extinct as the world around them changes

  31. Investigation: What is Life? • At each of the lab stations discuss the object seen, determine what it is and decide which category it represents. • Categories include: • Living • Living but currently dormant • Dead (was once living, but has since died) • Product of a living organism • Nonliving

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