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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. Physical Fitness and Activity Assessment in Adults. Adult Fitness Testing. Reliability Validity Relevance Objectivity Normative Data Feasibility. Table 11-1 Populations and Purposes of Physical Fitness Testing. Table 11-2 Health-Related Fitness Factors and Benefits.

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11 Physical Fitness and Activity Assessment in Adults

  2. Adult Fitness Testing • Reliability • Validity • Relevance • Objectivity • Normative Data • Feasibility

  3. Table 11-1Populations and Purposes of Physical Fitness Testing

  4. Table 11-2Health-Related Fitness Factors and Benefits

  5. Figure 11.1Relationship Between Cardiovascular Endurance and Cardiovascular Death Rate Cardiovascular death rate Cardiovascular endurance quartile

  6. Table 11-3Major Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

  7. Table 11.3Risk Classification

  8. Measuring Aerobic Capacity • Aerobic Capacity • Laboratory Maximal Tests Submaximal Estimations • Field Methods Distance Runs Step Tests Rockport 1-Mile Walk Test Predicting VO2max Without Exercise

  9. Figure 11.4Linear Relationships Among Oxygen Consumption,Heart Rate, and Workload

  10. Measuring Body Composition • Body Composition • Laboratory Hydrostatic Weighing Using Body Density • Field Methods Skinfolds Body Mass Index Distribution of Body Fat Waist/Hip Girth Ratio > 1.00 for males > risk > 0.80 for females > risk Waist Girth > 102 cm (40 in) for males > risk > 88 cm (35 in) for females > risk

  11. What is your BMI? Use Table 11-16 on pages 242 - 243

  12. Harpenden® Skinfold Caliper

  13. Lange Skinfold Caliper

  14. Calculation of Lean Weight and Fat Weight • 1) Determine total body weight (TBW) • 2) Determine percent fat • 3) Fat weight = TBW * percent fat • 4) Lean Weight (LW) = TBW - FW

  15. Calculation of Target Weight • Calculation of Target Weight 1) Determine your lean weight (TBW - FW) 2) Determine your target percent fat (TPF) 3) Target weight = LW / (1 - TPF/100) • This method assumes: 1) Your target percent fat is less than your current percent fat 2) Your goal is to lose fat weight

  16. Muscular Strength and Endurance • SpecificityDetermined with concurrent validity (i.e., PPM) • PowerThe time rate of doing work • Muscular enduranceRepetitive performance • Relative enduranceRelative to maximum performance • Absolute enduranceAt a fixed resistance

  17. Types of Contractions Measured

  18. Measuring Muscular Strength and Endurance • Muscular Strength and Endurance • LaboratoryComputerized Dynamometers Back Extension Strength Test • Field methodsTraditional Weight Lifting Tests Body Resistance (i.e., pull-ups, sit-ups, etc.) 1 Repetition Max 10 Repetition Max Trial-and-error estimation

  19. Cable Tensiometer

  20. Measuring Flexibility • Flexibility is very joint specific • LaboratoryGoniometry Flexometer Visual estimation Radiography Photography Linear measurements Trigonometry • Field methodsTrunk Flexion (Sit-and-reach) Trunk Extension

  21. Goniometer

  22. Flexometer

  23. Health Related Fitness Battery • YMCA Physical Fitness Test BatteryHeight Weight Resting heart rate Resting blood pressure Body composition Cardiovascular evaluation Flexibility Muscular strength and endurance

  24. Health Related Fitness Battery • Canadian Standardized Test of FitnessResting heart rate Resting blood pressure Body composition (skinfolds) Cardiovascular endurance Flexibility (sit-and-reach) Abdominal endurance Upper-body strength and endurance

  25. Aging is related to . . . • decreased sensations of taste, smell, vision, and hearing, • decreased mental abilities, • decreased organ function, • decreased bone mineral content, and • decreased physical fitness. All of these factors lead to a decreased quality of life, health-related fitness, and functional fitness.

  26. Table 11-24Fitness Parameters and Items of the Older Adult Fitness Test

  27. Health Related Fitness Battery forSpecial Populations Anaerobic capacity and power Aerobic capacity Electrocardiographic response to exercise Muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility Body composition

  28. Measuring Physical Activity • Is important because physical activity is related to physical fitness • Physical activity is related to quality of life and functional capacity • Physical inactivity is related to development of a variety of diseases

  29. Figure 11.19The relationship of health-related fitness to thephysical activity pyramid

  30. Measuring Physical Activity • Direct measurement include: Observation Calorimetry Step counters Motion sensors • Field methods include: Self-report Diaries

  31. Caltrac® Accelerometer

  32. A five-level single-responseassessment of physical activity

  33. A five-level single-responseassessment of physical activity These 3 groups do NOT meet the Surgeon General’s guidelines for sufficient physical activity for a health benefit

  34. A five-level single-responseassessment of physical activity These 2 groups DO meet the Surgeon General’s guidelines for sufficient physical activity for a health benefit

  35. CRT Reliability How could you determine the criterion-referenced reliability of the 5-level single response item? 1) Administer the question on TWO occasions. 2) Determine if the respondent meets or fails to meet the Surgeon General’s guidelines on each occasion. 3) Develop a 2X2 table as illustrated in chapter 7.

  36. A five-level single-responseassessment of physical activity Does NOT meet SG guidelines DOES meet SG guidelines

  37. Administration 2 Not Met Met Not Met Administration 1 Met CRT Reliability5-level, single-response Physical Activity Item

  38. ACSM Fitness Certifications

  39. A Practical Health-Related Fitness Battery • Cardiovascular endurance Rockport 1-Mile Walk Test • Body composition BMI and Waist/Hip girth ratio • Abdominal power YMCA 1-minute sit-up test • Upper body strength and endurance Canadian Standardized test of fitness push- up test • Hamstring flexibility YMCA sit-and-reach test

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