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Introduction to Digital Accessibility

Introduction to Digital Accessibility. Sarah Schaidt Accessibility Services Manager. A definition of accessibility.

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Introduction to Digital Accessibility

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  1. Introduction to Digital Accessibility Sarah Schaidt Accessibility Services Manager Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  2. A definition of accessibility Accessibility: the design of products, devices, services, or environments for people with disabilities. Accessibility can be viewed as the "ability to access" and benefit from some system or entity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessibility Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  3. A definition of disability Disability is … not just a health problem. It is a complex phenomenon, reflecting the interaction between features of a person’s body and features of the society in which he or she lives. Overcoming the difficulties faced by people with disabilities requires interventions to remove environmental and social barriers. https://www.who.int/topics/disabilities/en/ Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  4. Making things work for everyone regardless of their abilities Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  5. How many people have disabilities? Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  6. 1 in 7 people in the world have a disability.* *Statistics vary widely due to factors such as difference in how disability is defined and measured; differences in data collection methods; and political or public relation biases. http://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/report/en/ Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  7. 15% of the world population http://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/report/en/ Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  8. Disability Types Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  9. What kinds of disabilities do people have?

  10. Speech Neurological Mobility Visual Hearing Other

  11. Speech • Apraxia of speech • Developmental verbal dyspraxia • Dysarthria • Orofacial myofunctional disorders • Speech sound disorder • Stuttering • Voice disorders • Specific language impairment Neurological Mobility • Amputation • Paralysis • Cerebral palsy • Stroke • Multiple sclerosis • Muscular dystrophy • Arthritis • Spinal cord injury • ALS • Autism • Asperger syndrome • Cluster headache • Neualgia • Meralgia paraesthetica • Sensory processing disorder • Chronic fatigue syndrome And many, many, many more… Visual Hearing • Blind • Refractive error • Cataract • Glaucoma • Age related macular degeneration • Diabetic retinopathy • Auditory neuropathy • Auditory processing disorders • Noise-induced hearing loss • Deaf • Vestibular Schwannoma • Age related hearing loss Other

  12. Blindness Total or near total (20/200) loss of vision Approx. 36 million blind individuals worldwide Experience web content through the use of a screen reader Common challenges include: • Lack of text alternatives for images • Labels and fields not associated • No keyboard access for active controls Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  13. Low Vision Broad category encompassing variety of conditions with varying degrees of vision impairment 217 million individuals worldwide with moderate to severe vision impairment (6x individuals who are blind) Common assistive technologies include screen magnification software, screen readers, and color customization Common challenges include: • Insufficient color contrast • No visual focus indicator • Poor proximity between labels and fields Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  14. Color Blindness Most prevalent form is red-green 1 in 12 men and 1 in 200 women have some form of color blindness – 4.25% of the population. Few assistive technologies exist, but company Enchroma claims glasses that restore color vision Common challenges includes: • The use of color alone to communicate information Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  15. Deafness and Hearing Loss Diminished or total loss of hearing, including difficulty understanding speech and distinguishing foreground and background noise Approx. 466 million people worldwide with disabling hearing loss deaf vs. Deaf: condition of deafness vs. Deaf Culture (medical vs. social identity models of disability) Common challenges: • Lack of video captions Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  16. Motor Disabilities Conditions that impair a person’s physical movements • Partial or complete paralysis • Tremors/ poor dexterity • Amputation or missing limb • Neuromuscular diseases (i.e. ALS, cerebral palsy) 38.2 million adults in US with physical functionality difficulty Common issues include: • Too many tab stops • Target sizes too small • Unintuitive image links Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  17. Cognitive Disabilities Loosely defined disability type, inclusive of a wide variety of conditions and challenges, such as autism, Down Syndrome, dementia, attention deficit disorder (ADD), learning/intellectual disabilities Characterized by difficulty remembering, learning new things, concentrating, performing common tasks More than 16 million people in US with cognitive disability Common challenges include: • Limited comprehension for language, idioms, emotions • Limited ability to solve problems (think: CAPTCHA) • Unclear instructive text / error messaging Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  18. NEURODIVERSITY Includes a multitude of brain-related disabilities, individual needs, and diversities Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

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  21. Dyslexia/ Reading Disabilities Varied conditions that make reading difficult Letters or words that move/spin on the page Confusion around spacing between letters Mixing up letters with their mirror images Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  22. Speech Disabilities A person who has difficulty with articulating words, or the inability to produce or organize speech sounds Common assistive technologies include Augmented and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices, which may be electronic or non-electronic tools Conditions range greatly, and may include the following types of disabilities: • Stuttering • Cluttering • Muteness Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  23. Other factors that can impact accessibility Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  24. Aging and Accessibility The average age of people using technology is rising. And with that, an increase in customers with disabilities. Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  25. Disability Prevalence by Age: 2010 Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  26. Mobile usage and Accessibility In the United States on Cyber Monday 2017, nearly 48% of retail site visits came from a mobile device. Mobile transactions are expected to increase by 74% over the next three years. 54% of people with screen readers use mobile devices as much or more than desktop (as of 2017). Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  27. How do we measure accessibility? Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  28. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) • Signed into law in 1990 to protect the civil rights of people with disabilities • Originally focused on physical accessibility and accommodations, but over time web accessibility became a growing area of attention • Types of organizations covered under the ADA: • Title II: State & Local Government • Title III: Places of Public Accommodations (any business or non-profit organization that serves the public) • Enforced by consumers and formal complains Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  29. W.C.A.G The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (2.0/2.1) Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  30. The technical standard for accessibility Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 and 2.1 • WCAG 2.0 is organized into: • 4 Principles, broken into 12 Guidelines and 61 Success criteria • Each Success criteria fits at Level A, AA or AAA • 25 are level A • 13 are level AA • 23 are level AAA • WCAG 2.1 , adopted in June 2018, adds 17 more success criteria to address: • Mobile accessibility • People with low vision • People with cognitive and learning disabilities The world has largely harmonizedto this standard Many are adopting these, including some nations.

  31. POUR • Perceivable • Operable • Understandable • Robust Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  32. Perceivable Provide text alternatives for non-text content. Provide captions and other alternatives for multimedia. Create content that can be presented in different ways, including by assistive technologies, without losing meaning. Make it easier for users to see, hear, and experience content. Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  33. Perceivable, in other words… Users can perceive content through biological senses (sight, sound, touch, taste, smell) If a user cannot perceive the content, it may as well not exist Digital text: the most universally accessible format available! Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  34. Operable Make all functionality available from a keyboard. Give users enough time to read and use content. Do not use content that causes seizures. Help users navigate and find content. Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  35. Operable, in other words… Just because you may be able to use a mouse or touchpad, does not mean that everyone can Don’t rely on mouse interactions Design the focus states Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

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  44. Understandable Make text readable and easy to follow. Make content appear and operate in predictable ways. Help users avoid and correct mistakes. Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  45. Understandable, in other words… Simplify text for a more universal reading and vocabulary level Avoid complex terminology or concepts Be consistent and predictable in the way that you present content and interactions Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  46. Robust Maximize compatibility with current and future user tools. Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  47. Robust, in other words… Use standard markup (i.e. HTML5) to ensure maximum compatibility between the content you create, web browsers, and assistive technologies Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  48. Assistive Technology Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  49. A definition of assistive technology Assistive technology (AT): any item, piece of equipment, software program, or product system that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of persons with disabilities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessibility Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

  50. Hardware people use Level Access | Confidential and Proprietary

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