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Chapter 21 The Cultural Geography of Africa

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Chapter 21 The Cultural Geography of Africa

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    1. Chapter 21 The Cultural Geography of Africa

    2. I. Population Patterns The world’s youngest people ˝ are under 15 A. A Region of Variety Highest birthrate Shortest lifespan Highest population growth Some areas are very densely populated and some have very few people

    3. A. A Region of Variety cont. 1. A Booming Population High infant mortality and short life span People have lots of kids Population will double in 30 years 2. Uneven Population Density 30 people per sq. mile if spread evenly Rwanda: 835 per sq. mile Botswana and Namibia: 5-6 per sq. mile Physical geography and climate dictate this Western coast, eastern lakes, and southeastern coast have the most people Access to water, good climate and soil

    4. B. Population and Economics Limited farmland, droughts, and over farming have caused less output Food production has dropped 20% since 1970 Population tripled 70% are farmers Famine is horrible 40% have no clean water Disease is widespread Spread by the tsetse fly HIV/AIDS epidemic Lowest standards of livings in the world All of Sub-Saharan Africa produces $150 billion (same as Belgium) Per capita income is less than $300 in some countries

    5. B. Rapid Urbanization Fastest growing urban population Urban population has grown 7 times since 1950 Lagos, Nigeria the biggest Founded around rivers, gold mining, slave-trade, and resources Economic hardships drove thousands to cities for work

    6. C. Population Diversity Africa is not one homogenous group Very diverse Hundreds of ethnic groups Maasai are one of the 70 groups in Kenya Tanzania has over 100 groups Over 800 languages and dialects spoken Political boundaries were drawn by Europeans Causes conflicts

    7. II. History and Government A. African Civilizations Human life started in Africa 5500 BC, people lived in the rain forest of the Sahara People migrate when it grew drier Egyptians in the north Nubians around Kush did well until the 700s Crushed by the Axum kingdom Trading kingdoms were next Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in west Africa Eastern and southern Africa had the Bantu people Built the states of Kongo, Luba, Lunda, Monomotapa

    8. B. European Civilizations 1500-1700s, Europe actively traded with Africa 1800s, they seized and colonized the continent 1. Slave Trade Traffic of slaves grew with the colonization of America Middle Passage to the new world killed thousands Many tribes tried to resist Guns and dependency on goods made them fail

    9. B. European Civilizations cont. 2. From Colonies to Nations Europe divided Africa among themselves to use their resources 1914, all of Africa except Liberia and Ethiopia were colonies After the world wars, Europe allowed their colonies to be free Ghana, 1957 Nigeria, 1960 Kenya, 1963 Zimbabwe, 1980 Namibia, 1990

    10. C. Challenges for the Future Political boundaries drawn by Europeans Ethnic groups fight for control of nations Underdeveloped economies Lack of capital and industry No experience in running their own countries South Africa: apartheid Strict separation of races Whites ran the govt. Blacks were excluded 1991, apartheid ended after black and worldwide protests 1994, Nelson Mandela became president in the 1st universal suffrage election Spent 27 years in jail

    11. III. Cultures and Lifestyles Colonial era and mass media today helped create somewhat of a mass culture A. Languages 800 different Many originated in Africa Some brought by Arabs and Europeans Swahili is a mix of Bantu, Portuguese, and Arabic Is a lingua franca (universal language) Official language of countries if often their colonial one Three families Africa, Afro-Asiatic, and Malayo-Polynesian Indo-European imported

    12. B. Religions African religions have some similarities Supreme Creator and lesser gods Islam and Christianity was brought by missionaries Islam in the north and Swahili coasts Christianity in Ethiopia and former colonies Many blended African traditions with these new religions

    13. C. The Arts Wide variety of styles Djabo cave paintings Kente cloth Multi-rhythmic music Traditional dances These arts spread to the New World with slavery 1. Painting, Sculpture, and Weaving African masks African textiles 2. Music Express themselves spiritually through music Influence jazz, blues, rock’n’roll, and hip hop 3. Literature Much of their history was in oral tradition Wole Soynika and Nadine Gordimer won the Noble Prize

    14. More Art

    15. D. Varied Lifestyles Kenya has dozens of ethnic groups Rural vs. urban People live similarly to the U.S. in Nairobi The Maasai live very traditionally Tend to live in extended families Some still live in clans The Kalahari Bushmen

    16. E. Looking Ahead Face many challenges Literacy rates are rising, but are still below the world Cannot afford to send kids to school Not necessary sometimes Kids need survival skills Govts. are looking for new innovations to improve life TV?

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