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The Cultural Geography of Africa, South of the Sahara. Mr. Marston Dominion Christian High School Fall 2009. Rapid Population Growth. 711 million people 11% of the world’s population Highest birthrate Highest death rate Highest infant mortality rate Shortest life expectancy.
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The Cultural Geography of Africa, South of the Sahara Mr. Marston Dominion Christian High School Fall 2009
Rapid Population Growth • 711 million people • 11% of the world’s population • Highest birthrate • Highest death rate • Highest infant mortality rate • Shortest life expectancy
Population Density and Distribution • Overall: not dense Population density is uneven Rwanda: 817 per square mile Namibia: 6 people per square mile Explanations for uneven population distribution Land Climate
Population and Food Production • People live in the coastal belt of West Africa and the eastern coast of Southern Africa Government actions Effects of climate Cash crop economies =Africa can’t produce enough food. Must export
Population and Health Care Poor Health Care • Famine • Poor nutrition • Impure water • Inadequate sanitation: disposal of waste products • Diseases are widespread: (malaria, AIDS)
A Diverse Population • 3,000 ethnic groups • Europeans • South Asians • Arabs • Varying religious groups • Borders are fluid: don’t contain peoples or cultures
Growing cities • Urbanization: movement of people from rural areas to cities 30% of population lives in cities Move to cities • Better job opportunities • Better health care • Better public services Growth of service centers: convenient business locations for rural dwellers.
History and Government • 2000 B.C., people south of the Sahara began to domesticate (tame) animals. • NE Africa: Egyptian civilization 3000 B.C. to 1000 B.C. • Kush: capital at Meroe. South of Egypt • Axum: Ethiopian trading empire
Empires in the West • Ghana: traded gold for salt • Mali: capital of Timbuktu • Songhai
Bantu Settlements • Established settlements by 800 A.D. 150 million Bantu speakers today Tanzania Malawi Zambia Zimbabwe
European Colonization • Europeans traded with African kingdoms by the 1200’s. • Slaves • Gold • weapons
Slave Trade in Africa • Africans were transported to the New World for work on plantations in S. America, Caribbean, and N. America (sugar, cotton, indigo, rice, and tobacco) • Greatly impacted certain ethnic groups within Africa
Independence • Mid 1960’s most African countries were independent • Dependent economically on western countries: “Neo-colonialism”
Nigeria • Different ethnic groups • Islam and Christianity • Civil war in Biafra
South Africa • Apartheid: separation of races. Official policy of white minority government rule. • Blacks denied political rights and equality with whites in education, jobs, and housing. • Nelson Mandela: jailed leader of the ANC was released in the early 1990s • First free election in 1994 • Universal suffrage: voting rights for all adult citizens.
Europe Divides and Rules • Imperialism: European search for empire in the 18th and 19th centuries. • Areas set up without regard to local identities or cultures • Plantation economies replaced local agriculture. • Christian missionaries