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Life Energy Processes

Life Energy Processes. Photosynthesis Respiration. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Light Reaction Dark Reaction (Calvin Cycle). Photosynthesis. Process in which a plant makes food from water and carbon dioxide and energy from the sun producing glucose and oxygen.

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Life Energy Processes

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  1. Life Energy Processes Photosynthesis Respiration

  2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light Reaction Dark Reaction (Calvin Cycle)

  3. Photosynthesis Process in which a plant makes food from water and carbon dioxide and energy from the sun producing glucose and oxygen

  4. conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy, is associated with the green pigment chlorophyll. • the process by which plants use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar

  5. process uses water and releases the oxygen

  6. Site of Photosynthesis Chloroplast is an organelle that contain chlorophyll and other pigments (carotenoid)

  7. Parts of Chloroplast • THYLAKOID – disk – shape (like pancake) structures that contain photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll) • GRANA – a group / stack of thylakoid

  8. STROMA- gel – like matrix surrounding the thylakoid • PHOTOSYSTEMS- energy collecting units of the chloroplast (reaction center)

  9. Photons– are packets of energy and the smallest visible unit of light

  10. Two Stages of Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 12H2O LIGHT C6H12O6 + 6O2 +6H2O

  11. Light Reaction Light Dependent Reaction

  12. LIGHT REACTION • Converts light energy to ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate) • Occurs in the thylakoid

  13. Step 1 Light is absorbed by PHOTOSYSTEM II is used to split water releasing O2, H ions and energized electrons

  14. Step 2 Hydrogen ions pass through ATP synthase to convert ADP to ATP.

  15. Step3 Electrons released by Photosystem II are energized by Photosystem I. Electrons are picked up by NADP+to form a high –energy NADPH

  16. Step 4 ATP and NADPH are used in the dark reaction as source of energy

  17. NAPD+ Photosystem II Photosystem I Splits water Oxygen Hydrogen + NAPD+ ADP + P NAPDH ATP

  18. Dark Reaction Calvin Cycle Carbon Fixing Cycle Light Independent Reaction

  19. Carbon Fixing Reaction • Use the products of light reaction (ATP and NADPH) to convert carbon dioxide to sugar(glucose) • Occurs in the stroma

  20. Step 1 3 molecules of CO2

  21. P P P P P P P P P + P P P Step 2 3 molecules of Rubisco (RuBP) use to combine with 3 molecules of CO2 to produce 6C unstable 3PGA 3 molecules of 5C RUBP 3 molecules of CO2 6C 3PGA unstable

  22. P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P A A P P P P P P + A A P P P P P P A A Step 3 6 molecules of PGA combined with 6 molecules of ATP that results to 6 molecules of PGAL and 6 ADP P P P P P P 6 3C PGA 6 ATP A A A A A A P P P P P P P P P P P P 6 ADP 6 PGAL

  23. P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P NADPH NADPH + NADPH NADPH NADPH NADPH Step 4 6 molecules of PGAL binds with 6 molecules of NADPH that results to 6 molecules Highly energized PGAL 6 PGAL 6 NADPH 6 PGAL Highly Energized

  24. P P P P P P P P P P P P 6 PGAL Highly Energized Step 5 The 6 highly energized PGAL splits into 5 molecules of PGAL and 1 molecule of PGAL 1 PGAL 5 PGAL

  25. P P P P P P P P P + P P P 1 PGAL A P P P Step 7 The 6 highly energized PGAL splits into 5 molecules of PGAL and 1 molecule of PGAL 3 ATP 5 PGAL A P P P A P P P Glucose 3 molecules of 5C RUBP

  26. Respiration Calvin Cycle Carbon Fixing Cycle Light Independent Reaction

  27. Cellular Respiration Overview Transformation of chemical energy in food into chemical energy cells can use: ATP Overall Reaction: C6H12O6 + 6O2→ 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

  28. Photosynthesis and Respiration Photosynthesis: Water + Carbon Dioxide Glucose + Oxygen Respiration: Glucose + Oxygen Water + Carbon Dioxide

  29. Two Pathways Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration

  30. Aerobic Cellular Respiration Oxygen is required Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle Electron Transport Chain

  31. Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration begins with GLYCOLYSIS GLYCOLYSIS conversion of glucose to pyruvate releases energy in the form of ATP

  32. Kreb’s Cycle • Also called as CITRIC ACID CYCLE • Completes the breakdown of glucose and forms a 6 Carbon compound called citric acid

  33. Electron Transport Chain • The movement of electrons from NADH and FADH in chain-like a series of steps (staircase). • As electrons drop down stairs, energy released to form a total of 32 ATP • Oxygen waits at bottom of staircase, picks up electrons and protons and in doing so becomes water

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