Review for histology IIIB students.

1. Review for histology IIIB students.

2. A 5-year-old boy falls off his bike and fractures his humerus. He is taken to the emergency room, and the bone is set by one of the emergency room physicians. Which of the following is responsible for producing the majority of the new bone that will reunite the two fragments? A. Cancellous bone B. Cartilage C. Compact bone D. Marrow E. Periosteum

3. A 27-year-old male presents to the doctor with complaints of "heartburn" and painful, sour-tasting acid reflux that has not been alleviated by over-the-counter medications. An endoscopic exam is performed and a biopsy of the distal esophagus is taken. Microscopic examination of the tissue shows normal tissue without pathologic changes. What type of mucosa is normal for the distal esophagus? A. Ciliated, columnar epithelium B. Keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium C. Non-ciliated, columnar epithelium D. Non-keratinized, simple, squamous epithelium E. Non-keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium F. Pseudostratified, columnar epithelium

4. A premature infant develops progressive difficulty breathing over the first few days of life. Deficient surfactantsynthesis by which of the following cell types may have contributed to the baby's respiratory problems? A. Alveolar capillary endothelial cells B. Bronchial mucous cells C. Bronchial respiratory epithelium D. Type I pneumocytes E. Type II pneumocytes

5. Histologic examination of normal skin demonstrates small numbers of perivascular cells, with darkly stained ovoid nuclei and granular cytoplasm on hematoxylin and eosin staining. The cells demonstrate metachromasia of thecytoplasm when stained with Giemsa stain. Which of the following products would these cells be most likely to secrete? A. Bradykinin B. Complement factor 3a C. Histamine D. Interleukin 2 E. Nitric oxide

6. Brunner's glands secrete an alkaline product that helps achieve optimal pH for the activity of pancreatic enzymes. Where are these glands located? A. At the base of villi throughout the small intestine B. In the epithelium of the ampulla of Vater C. In the mucosa and submucosa of the jejunum D. In the submucosa of the duodenum E. In the submucosa of the ileum

7. A 33-year-old woman visits the office of her family medicine physician. Her complaint is nervousness. She describes her nervousness as increasing over the past six week. She says that her children and husband describe her as atypically “easy to anger” she says that she now easily loses her temper and often cries for little or no apparent reason, and she has developed a tremor in her right arm. She has lost 22 pounds since her last office visit nine months ago and indicates that she has not changed her diet. She describes herself as always “hot” you observe that her eyes protrude and appear red and inflamed,and she describes her eye as feeling “dry”. Your examination reveals asthenia,tachycardia and pretibialmyxederma. A biopsy of the organ shows an increase in lymphoid cells. An array of tests is completed. To which of the following would you expect to detect autoantibodies within this gland? • C -cells • Parathyroid principal cells • Thyrotropin-releasing factor receptors • Thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase • TSH receptors

8. A medical student presents in the emergency room and is diagnosed with rupture bowel, the result of a genetic condition called Ehlers-Danlos type –IV syndrome. Which one of the following statements about the patient’s condition is true? • He has a defect in the synthesis of mRNA encoding type I collagen • He has a defect in the genes encoding type IV collagen • He has defective type II collagen • He has an increased risk of breaking his bones • He has a defect in the translation of mRNA for type III collagen

9. A medical condition in which lipid accumulate in the nervous system and adrenal glands impairing their function, due to inability of peroxisomes to metabolize fatty acids is called__________ • adrenoleukodystrophy • zellweger syndrome • hurler’s syndrome • sanfilipo syndrome • morquio syndrome

10. As a hematologist in the clinic, you diagnose a 34-year-old female patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP). Which of the following symptoms/characteristics would you except in this patient? • Decreased clotting time • Normal blood count • Abnormal bleeding • Hypercoagulation • Light menstrual periods

11. Which of the following hyperkeratinized papillae structures on the dorsum of the anterior suface of the tongue contains the glands of von ebner gland? • Foliate papillae • Filliform papillae • Fungiform papillae • Circumvallate papilla