National PNT Architecture: Guiding USA's Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Strategy

1. National Positioning, Navigation, and Timing ArchitectureThe Institute of Navigation International Technical Meeting 2009Karen Van DykeDOT/RITA/Volpe CenterJanuary 26, 2009

2. Overview • Why an Architecture? • Guiding Principles • Recommendations • Way Ahead

3. Why a National PNT Architecture? • PNT permeates all sectors of society • Current national approach to meeting PNT needs is ad hoc • Current and expected PNT needs are beyond current capabilities • The needs that the US Government satisfies should be done efficiently and effectively

4. Environment Spectrum Geo-political Demographics Navwar Fiscal Technological Interference Weather Compass IRNSS Commercial Augmentations Celestial Space Comm & Nav Arch NigComsat -1 SBAS EGNOS MTSAT GPS GAGAN GALILEO WAAS QZSS GLONASS Time Transfer Cell Phone Networks Time Transfer GDGPS N E W Time Transfer NDGPS MDGPS S Commercial Augmentations Clocks GPSOC ENABLERS & INFRASTRUCTURE Cryptography Reference Frames Science & Technology NIST NGA Standards USNO NGS NASA Deployment NSA Star Catalogs Industrial Base Mapping/Charting/Geodesy Testing Laser Ranging Network Policies Electro Optical Info. Modeling Version 1 Jul 08 The 2015 World of PNT TASS TASS TASS WAGE ZMDS EMI Star Trackers EMI Tercom Doppler VOR/DME, TACAN ILS, NDB IGS IGS IGS ASI GBAS Cat-I Tracking Compass CORS CORS CORS JPALS User Interface Orgs Pedometers eLORAN NOCC Inertial NAVCEN Beacons

5. PNT Capability Gaps • Operations in Electromagnetically Impeded Environments • Operations during spoofing, jamming and unintentional interference • Operations in Physically-Impeded Environments • Areas including indoors, urban canyons, underground, underwater, and under dense foliage • Insufficient Modeling Capability • Model PNT capabilities in all environments and modeling integration of multiple PNT systems • Higher Accuracy with Integrity • 10cm accuracy for intelligent transportations systems and rail survey • 1m accuracy for positive train control • Notification of Degraded or Misleading Information • As short as 1 sec in some situations • Geospatial Information • Users require access to timely geospatial information to help navigate through impeded environments • High Altitude/Space Position and Orientation • Current star catalog degrading and no funding to update • Precise positioning at GEO and beyond

6. NII RITA AT&L/S&T ASD/NII Memo23-Jan-2006 PBFA FAA PNT Architecture TOR11-Jul-2006 JS FHWA USA FRA USN DOC USMC DOT/RITA Memo14-Mar-2006 USAF NIST SAF/USA DHS NGA USCG NSA NPEC Action Items26-Jan-2006 DOI STRAT SMDC DOS AFSPC NASA USNO JPDO NRL NCO SMC NSSO Foundations of the National PNT Architecture “NSSO develop a National PNT Architecture” “RITA will lead effort on behalf of DOT for the civil community” “NPCO will initiate an effort with NSSO” More Effective & Efficient PNT and an Evolutionary Path for Government Provided Systems & Services

7. Primary Objective of the PNT Architecture “…provide more effective and efficient PNT capabilities focused on the 2025 timeframe and an evolutionary path for government provided systems and services.” -- Terms of Reference Should-Be Architecture Based on Long Term Vision Near & Mid Term Decisions Guided by Architecture Capability Evolved Baseline (EBL) Without Enterprise Architecture Strategy As-Is Architecture ArchitectureEmphasis System Emphasis Now 5 Years 10 Years 15 Years 20 Years

8. Guiding Principles VISION US Leadership in Global PNT STRATEGY Greater Common Denominator VECTOR Multiple Phenomenologies VECTOR Interchangeable Solutions VECTOR Synergy of PNT & Communications VECTOR Cooperative Organizational Structures

9. National PNT Architecture Recommendations Vision US Leadership in Global PNT Strategy The US can Best Achieve Efficiency and Effectiveness through a Greater Common Denominator Approach Vectors 1 Multiple Phenomenologies 2 Interchangeable Solutions 3 Synergy of PNT & Communications 4 Cooperative Organizational Structures 1 GPS – An Architecture Cornerstone 6 Integrated User Equipment 12 Interchangeability with Foreign PNT Sources 16 Synergy of PNT & Communications 17 National PNT Coordination Process 2 PNT Signal Monitoring & Dissemination 7 Civil Use of Foreign PNT 13 Standards & Reference Frames 18 Phenomenology & Application Champions Recommendations 3 Augmentation Transition Opportunities 8 US Military Use of Non-Military Signals 14 Info Exchange, Assurance & Protection 19 Modeling & Simulation Framework 4 High Accuracy with Integrity 9 PNT Pseudolites & Beacons 15 Grids & Coordinate Systems 5 Protect Strategic Advantage 10 Evolution of PNT Capabilities 11 Critical Infrastructure & Time

10. Define a Future PNT Systems-of-Systems Architecture Guide Development of the DoD and Civil PNT Science & Technology Roadmaps Pseudolites Foreign GNSS Celestial Space Comm & Nav Arch Foreign Regional Nav GPS Guide Budget/Investment Decisions on Future PNT Systems Basis for Recommendations on Existing PNT Plans, Requirements, Budgets, Schedules, Partnerships, Investments & Policies Aiding Data & Ranging Signals Interchangeable Solutions SATCOM Pseudolites & Beacons Synergy of PNT and Communications Multiple Phenomenologies Star Trackers EMI EMI Cell Phone Networks Ground Based Radio Freq Wireless Networks Evolved GNSS Augmentation Key Input to Future Five-Year National Space-Based PNT Plan N Framework against which to Evaluate New Requirements & Capabilities E W Autonomous S Tracking Commercial Augmentations Sensors & Sensor Aiding Clocks Basis for Future Federal Radionavigation Plan Development Networks Geospatial Data PNT User Equipment User Interface Orgs Inertial PNT signal monitoring Cooperative Organizational Structures Pseudolites & Beacons Beacons Inform Follow-On Transition Efforts How will the National PNT Architecture Be Used?

11. v1 v2 vN National PNT Architecture Schedule The National PNT Architecture Effort Employs an Iterative, Interagency Process to Plan US Leadership in Global PNT A Plan to Achieve the Should-Be Architecture is Produced & Implementation Begins Architecture Development Transition Planning Implementation v1 Should-Be Architecture Transition Planning v2 Architecture Development Implementation On-GoingProcess Should-Be Architecture • Transition Plan • - May 2009 • Architecture Implementation Memorandum • - June 2009 • DoDAF-Compliant Products Under Construction Transition Planning Architecture Development Effort Re-Examines the PNT Environment and Crafts and Implements the Next 20-Year Should-Be Architecture Effort Repeats--the Next New Should-Be Architecture is Developed, Planned, and Implemented

12. Summary • National PNT Architecture effort seeks to develop and implement a more effective and efficient architecture—improvement over current USG approach • Its aim is set at closing the capability gaps identified by DoD and DoT • The architecture is flexible enough to take advantage of new opportunities or changing environment as they arise.

13. Points of Contact • National Security Space Office • CAPT Milton Abner • NSSO.PNT@osd.mil • Website: http://www.acq.osd.mil/nsso/pnt/pnt.htm • OASD/NII • Mr. Ray Swider • raymond.swider@osd.mil • DOT RITA, Volpe Center • Ms. Karen Van Dyke • Karen.VanDyke@dot.gov