Other Beliefs:

1. Other Beliefs: Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, Shinto, Sikhism.

2. Confucianism • Confucius was a teacher and editor of books. • 551 – 479 B.C.

3. Major Principles Li --> Ritual and traditions Ren --> Benevolence, humanity Shu --> Empathy, serving others Yi --> Righteousness Xiao --> Respect for elders Confucius also taught to respect people based on abilities, status, and age.

4. Confucian sayings in the Analects • Knowing what he knows and knowing what he doesn’t know, is characteristics of the person who knows. • Making a mistake and not correcting it, is making another mistake. • The superior man blames himself; the inferior man blames others. • To go too far is as wrong as to fall short.

5. DAOISM • Laozi (604 B.C. - ?) is thought to have written the “Dao de Jing” • His name means “Old Master”

6. Dao De Jing • The basic text of Daoism. • In Chinese, it means The Classic in the Way and Its Power. • “Those who speak know nothing: Those who know are silent.” These words, I am told, Were spoken by Laozi. If we are to believe that Laozi, Was himself one who knew, How is it that he wrote a book, Of five thousand words?

7. Important Daoist principles 1. Dao [Tao] is a force that flows through all life. 2. A believer’s goal is to become one with Dao; one with nature 3. Man is unhappy because he lives in ways that are contrary to the ways of nature.

8. The duality of the universe • Masculine • Active • Light • Warmth • Strong • Heaven; Sun Yin • Feminine • Passive • Darkness • Cold • Weak • Earth; Moon Yang

9. BUDDHISM • The “middle way of wisdom and compassion.” • 2,500 year old tradition.

10. Siddhartha Guatama (563-483 B.C.) • Born in India and raised in great luxury to be a king. • At 29 he rejected luxury to seek enlightenmentand the source of suffering. • After years of wandering, sat in meditation, and found “nirvana,” and discovered all the secrets of the universe.

11. Belief that the fundamental root of all suffering is desire. • If you remove all your attachment to desires, and live a virtuous life according to Buddha’s teachings, you can also reach Nirvana.

12. Eightfold Path • 1. Right View Wisdom • 2. Right Intention • 3. Right Speech Ethical Conduct • 4. Right Action • 5. Right Livelihood • 6. Right Effort Mental Development • 7. Right Mindfulness • 8. Right Concentration

13. Zen Buddhism • The “Meditation School.” • Seeks sudden enlightenment through meditation and focus on beauty and art: • Gardens. • Archery. • Tea ceremony. • Calligraphy.

14. Buddhism in America

15. Shinto The native religion of Japan

16. Origins of Shinto • Shinto means “ the way of gods/spirits” • Practices include: • Reverence for Ancestors • Fierce Loyalty to others and to the nation • Polytheism

17. Shinto Rituals • Shinto emphasizes ceremony to express the joyful acceptance of nature. • Life and death are a part of nature’s process • There is no good and evil.

18. SIKHISM

19. Sikh Beliefs • The Goal– Sikhs build a close loving relationship with God. • Deity- One God who has 99 names. • Reincarnation- continual rebirth back on earth • Many beliefs are similar to Hinduism.

20. Sikh Practices • Prayer several times daily. • Worship: Sikhs are prohibited from worshiping idols, images and icons. • Temples: There are over 200 Gurwaras( Shrines, Temples or holy places)

21. The Five K’s • Kesa- Long Hair is never cut. • Kangah- comb • Kacha- short pants • Kara- metal bracelets • Kirpan- ceremonial dagger.