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Entrepreneurship and Enterprise: lecture 10 . What is social entrepreneurship?. Understanding spheres of entrepreneurial discourse. Dr Vijay Vyas . Entrepreneurship beyond the private sector… questions. How people manage the entrepreneurial process
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Entrepreneurship and Enterprise: lecture 10 What is social entrepreneurship? Understanding spheres of entrepreneurial discourse Dr Vijay Vyas
Entrepreneurship beyond the private sector… questions • How people manage the entrepreneurial process • Definitions and identification of Social Entrepreneurship • What drives this activity… why do people do it…? • How do you measure success and progress – eg/not just financial profit? • How do you gain funding for innovative social enterprises when banks may be understandably unreceptive
Social enterprise: definition ‘A social enterprise is a business with primarily social objectives whose surpluses are principally reinvested for that purpose in the business or in the community, rather than being driven by the need to maximise profit for shareholders and owners' (DTI, 2002).
Social Enterprise: Definitions • Works on business principles – • profit • efficiency and • scaling up • Have social objectives • Sells goods/services and reinvests profit in activities for the common good – eg/ National Trust/Oxfam • Charities…? • Income may be topped up by Govt. grants, lottery funding or other donations (philanthropy) in some cases at substantial levels…
Spheres of entrepreneurial discourse… Entrepreneurial Behaviours and Outcomes Entrepreneurship
Characteristics of social enterprises: triple bottom lines Efficiency driven Surplus creation
Social Aims Social enterprises exist to serve a social purpose and in order to achieve this, they conduct some form of trade
Social Aims Should have clear aims! Might include: • Job creation • Training • Provision of local services • Improving lives of disadvantaged people
Social Aims Also expected: • Ethical values • Local capacity building • Addressing social disadvantage • Accountable to their members and the wider community
Social Ownership Not constituted to distribute profits to individuals Instead use their assets and incomes for the community they serve Autonomous organisations Profits are distributed for the benefit of the community or profit sharing to stakeholders
Enterprise-centred • Directly involved in the production of goods or the provision of services • They seek to be commercially viable via trading concerns that make an operational surplus • Run efficiently and try to scale up Social enterprises are hybrid organisations that are expected to perform in the market, but retain the management ethos and values of a local charity.
The Big Issue http://www.bigissue.org.uk/
Conclusions Entrepreneurship is not confined to private business only. There are entrepreneurs, working towards positive social change rather then making profit for themselves Social enterprises are different from charities as they are not dependent on donations and grants alone. They also engage in some trade, are run efficiently like businesses and / or try to continuously scale up These social enterprises are as important as are business enterprises.
Further reading • David Bornstein (2004) How to Change the World: social entrepreneurs and the power of new ideas, Oxford University Press. • 2. Martin F. Thompson M. (2010) Social Enterprise. Palgrave MacMillan. • Bridge S. Murtagh B. O’Neill, K. (2009) Understanding the Social Economy and the Third Sector. Palgrave Macmillan. • A New Approach to Funding Social Enterprises. By: Bugg-Levine, Antony, Kogut, Bruce, Kulatilaka, Nalin, Harvard Business Review, 00178012, Jan/Feb2012, Vol. 90, Issue ½ • Social Enterprises and the Timing of Conception: Organizational Identity Tension, Management, and Marketing By: Smith, Brett R.; Knapp, Joshua; Barr, Terri F.; Stevens, Christopher E.; Cannatelli, Benedetto L.. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 2010, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p108-134, 27p, 1 Chart; • Social Entrepreneurship as an Algorithm: Is Social Enterprise Sustainable? By: Trexler, Jeff. Emergence: Complexity & Organization, 2008, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p65-85, 21p; • http://www.sle.org • http://www.startups.co.uk/charity-vs-social-enterprise.html