Career Cluster

1. Career Cluster Business Management and Administration

2. Accountants and Auditors • Examine, analyze, and interpret accounting records for the purpose of giving advice or preparing statements. Install or advise on systems of recording costs or other financial and budgetary data.

3. Accountants and Auditors Tasks/skills • None

4. Accountants and Auditors Interests • None

5. Accountants and Auditors Education And Knowledge • None

6. Accountants and Auditors Nature of Work ,Working Conditions , Job outlook, salary • Accountants and auditors prepare and examine financial records. They ensure that financial records are accurate and that taxes are paid properly and on time. Accountants and auditors assess financial o preperations and work to help ensure that organizations run efficiently • Most accountants and auditors work full time. In 2012, about 1 in 5 worked more than 40 hours per week. Longer hours are typical at certain times of the year, such as at the end of the budget year or during tax season. • Employment of accountants and auditors is projected to grow 13 percent from 2012 to 2022, about as fast as the average for all occupations. In general, employment growth of accountants and auditors is expected to be closely tied to the health of the overall economy. As the economy grows, these workers will continue to be needed to prepare and examine financial records. • The median annual wage for accountants and auditors was $63,550 in May 2012.

7. Accountants and Auditors Nature of Work ,Working Conditions , Job outlook, salary • Employment of accountants and auditors is projected to grow 13 percent from 2012 to 2022, about as fast as the average for all occupations. In general, employment growth of accountants and auditors is expected to be closely tied to the health of the overall economy. As the economy grows, these workers will continue to be needed to prepare and examine financial records. • The median annual wage for accountants and auditors was $63,550 in May 2012.

8. Training and Development Specialists • Conduct training and development programs for employees.

9. Training and Development Specialists Tasks/ Skills • Keep up with developments in area of expertise by reading current journals, books and magazine articles. • Present information, using a variety of instructional techniques and formats such as role playing, simulations, team exercises, group discussions, videos and lectures. • Schedule classes based on availability of classrooms, equipment, and instructors. • Organize and develop, or obtain, training procedure manuals and guides and course materials such as handouts and visual materials. • Offer specific training programs to help workers maintain or improve job skills. • Monitor, evaluate and record training activities and program effectiveness. • Attend meetings and seminars to obtain information for use in training programs, or to inform management of training program status. • Coordinate recruitment and placement of training program participants. • Evaluate training materials prepared by instructors, such as outlines, text, and handouts. • Develop alternative training methods if expected improvements are not seen. • Reading Comprehension - Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. • Writing - Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. • Speaking - Talking to others to convey information effectively. • Learning Strategies - Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.

10. Training and Development Specialists Interests • Artistic - Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules. • Social - Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others. • Enterprising - Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business. • Conventional - Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.

11. Training and Development Specialists Education and Knowledge • Computers and Electronics - Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming. • Administration and Management - Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. • Sales and Marketing - Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. • Customer and Personal Service - Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. • Clerical - Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology. • English Language - Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. • Education and Training - Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.

12. Training and Development Specialists Nature of work, Working conditions, Job outlook, Salary • Training and development specialists help plan, conduct, and administer programs that train employees and improve their skills and knowledge. • Training and development specialists work in nearly every industry. They spend much of their time working with people, giving presentations, and leading training activities. • Employment of training and development specialists is projected to grow 15 percent from 2012 to 2022, faster than the average for all occupations. Job prospects should be best for those with a bachelor’s degree and previous work experience in training and development. • The median annual wage for training and development specialists was $55,930 in May 2012.

13. Commercial and Industrial Designers • Develop and design manufactured products, such as cars, home appliances, and children's toys. Combine artistic talent with research on product use, marketing, and materials to create the most functional and appealing product design.

14. Commercial and Industrial Designers Tasks And Skills • Prepare sketches of ideas, detailed drawings, illustrations, artwork, or blueprints, using drafting instruments, paints and brushes, or computer-aided design equipment. • Direct and coordinate the fabrication of models or samples and the drafting of working drawings and specification sheets from sketches. • Modify and refine designs, using working models, to conform with customer specifications, production limitations, or changes in design trends. • Coordinate the look and function of product lines. • Confer with engineering, marketing, production, or sales departments, or with customers, to establish and evaluate design concepts for manufactured products. • Present designs and reports to customers or design committees for approval, and discuss need for modification. • Evaluate feasibility of design ideas, based on factors such as appearance, safety, function, serviceability, budget, production costs/methods, and market characteristics. • Read publications, attend showings, and study competing products and design styles and motifs to obtain perspective and generate design concepts. • Research production specifications, costs, production materials and manufacturing methods, and provide cost estimates and itemized production requirements. • Design graphic material for use as ornamentation, illustration, or advertising on manufactured materials and packaging or containers. • Develop manufacturing procedures and monitor the manufacture of their designs in a factory to improve operations and product quality. • Supervise assistants' work throughout the design process. • Fabricate models or samples in paper, wood, glass, fabric, plastic, metal, or other materials, using hand or power tools. • Investigate product characteristics such as the product's safety and handling qualities, its market appeal, how efficiently it can be produced, and ways of distributing, using and maintaining it. • Develop industrial standards and regulatory guidelines. • Participate in new product planning or market research, including studying the potential need for new products. • Advise corporations on issues involving corporate image projects or problems. • Writing - Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. • Critical Thinking - Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. • Operations Analysis - Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.

15. Commercial and Industrial Designers Interests • Realistic - Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others. • Artistic - Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules. • Enterprising - Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.

16. Commercial and Industrial Designers Education and Knowledge • Education - Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not. • Training - Employees in these occupations usually need several years of work-related experience, on-the-job training, and/or vocational training. • Experience - A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified. • Clerical - Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology. • Physics - Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures and processes. • Chemistry - Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods. • English Language - Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. • Mathematics - Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications. • Production and Processing - Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods. • Computers and Electronics - Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming. • Engineering and Technology - Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services. • Mechanical - Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. • Design - Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.

17. Commercial and Industrial Designers Nature of Work, Working Conditions, Job Outlook, Salary • Meeting, convention, and event planners coordinate all aspects of professional meetings and events. They choose meeting locations, arrange transportation, and coordinate other details. • Meeting, convention, and event planners spend most of their time in offices. They also work onsite at hotels or convention centers, and they often travel to attend events and visit prospective meeting sites. During meetings or conventions, planners may work very long hours. • Employment of meeting, convention, and event planners is projected to grow 33 percent from 2012 to 2022, much faster than the average for all occupations. As globalization increases and businesses continue to recognize the value of professionally planned meetings, demand for meetings and events is projected to grow. Job opportunities should be best for candidates with a bachelor’s degree in hospitality or tourism management. • The median annual wage for meeting, convention, and event planners was $45,810 in May 2012.

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