Company profile & Space Science Detector Capabilities

1. Company profile & Space Science Detector Capabilities - Ian Cox

2. Company Profile • Specialist manufacturers of vacuum based detectors and camera systems for photon detection. Photek manufacture Image Intensifiers, PMT’s, Streak Tubes, open faced detectors and a range of associated electronics and camera systems • Located in St Leonards-on-Sea – South East England • Established September 1991

3. Company Profile • 36 Employees • 10 sales/administrative • 7 R&D • 19 production/test • 5 employees educated to PHD level • Further 8 employees educated to degree level

4. Detector Products • MCP image intensifier • Ultra fast MCP photomultipliers • Streak tubes • Magnetic focus image intensifiers • De-magnifying gen 1 image intensifiers • Vacuum compatible detectors

5. Camera Products • Photon counting • Nanosecond ICCD • Intensified CCD • Fluorescence • X-ray • Particle imaging

6. Electronic Products • HT power supplies • Nanosecond gating control • Laser pulse generator • Preamplifier • Image intensifier cooling

7. Applications • Early warning Missile systems • Wafer silicon inspection • Astronomy including orbital space science experiments • Ultra-high speed cameras • Nuclear & high energy physics research • Life-science research • Industrial processing • Security

8. Facilities • 1,500m2 factory space • Class 100 assembly area • Class 10,000 clean room • Electro-mechanical vibration table • Ultra-high vacuum processing equipment • High speed (50 ps) laser pulsing equipment • Wet and dry hydrogen stoving capability • Inventor 3-D CAD software

9. Facilities – Continued • Protel Electronic Design Software • Agilent 18 GHz sampling scope • LeCroy 5 GHz digital scope • Spectrometer • Photometer • Optical table and dark room facilities • Environmental test chamber • Phosphor screen production and inspection facilities • Optical coating plant

10. Quality • Photek operates a company wide quality system based on ISO9000 and TQM principles • Currently working towards ISO9000 accreditation with successful implementation expected in 2008 • We operate a strict stock control and inspection policy with all items batch controlled and tracked • All detectors and systems are fully characterised in out photometry laboratory • Each device has a serial number that is used throughout the entire manufacturing process

11. Test and Support • Excellent support and test facilities • Rigorous testing of all products is completed before release • Support question always answered by a technical member of staff. Typically educated to PHD level • 12 month warranty on all products • Technical support for lifetime of product

12. Space Science Projects • ACE Advanced Composition Explorer • XMM UV Optical Monitor • MSX UVISI Detector • GUVI Global Ultraviolet Imager • SSUSI Special Sensor Ultra-violet Spectrographic Imager • UVIT Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope

13. Advance Composition Explorer • CRIS Detector (Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer) • 40 mm Image Intensifier with 2 MCP • UV Fibre Optic Input Window • Blue Enhance Cathode to Match Scintillating Fibre Optics • 100,000 Gain • Uses scintillating fibre optic structure. The detector is to measure direction and energy of cosmic rays

14. UV Optical Monitor • Photon Imaging 170 nm to 550 nm region • Aligned with X-Ray Telescope • Provides Simultaneous Visible, UV and X-ray Images

15. The XMM Detector • 25 mm Photon Counting • High Sensitivity in the 170 nm to 550 nm Region • Built in Fibre Optic Taper • Concave Input Window

16. Mid Course Space Experiment • Johns Hopkins University • Launched 24 April 96 • Part of the spectrograph on the UVISI Instrument • Diffuse and Discrete Aurora • Low Earth Atmosphere Phenomena

17. MSX-UVISI Detector • 40 mm Photon Counting Image Intensifier • MgF2 Input Window • CsI Photocathode • 100 nm – 250 nm Response

18. Global Ultra Violet Imager • Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory • Launched on the TIMED Spacecraft during 2001 • TIMED is used to study the energetics and dynamicsof the Mesosphere and lower Thermosphere between an altitude of approximately 60 to 180 kilometers. • GUVI is a far-ultraviolet (115 to 180 nm), scanning imaging spectrograph that provides horizon-to-horizon images in five selectable wavelength intervals

19. GUVI Detector • 25 mm UV Photon Counting • MgF2 Input Window • CsI Photocathode • Wedge and Strip Anode • 106 cps • 3x106 Gain

20. Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope • Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) • Due to launch on the ASTROSAT spacecraft during 2008 – now delayed until 2012. • ASTROSAT aims are to investigate the origin and mechanism of radiation emissions in active galactic nuclei. • UVIT aims to provide flux calibrated images of the sky in the far-UV, near-UV and visible spectral regions

21. Summary • World leading space science vacuum detector manufacturer • Photek have the experience and knowledge to produce detectors to the most stringent space science requirements • Quality systems in place to ensure repeatability of detector manufacture • Test and support facilities give first class support for the lifetime of our detectors

22. UVIT Detectors • Three 40 mm photon counting detectors • Far UV (120-180 nm) • Near UV (180-300 nm) • Visible (180-550 nm) • Integrated fibre optic taper with bondedFillFactory Star 250 CMOS sensor

23. UVIT Detectors Photek have supplied 7 detectors for the UVIT project • NUV EM • NUV FM and FS • FUV FM and FS • VIS FM and FS

24. UVIT Detector

25. Outline Specification • FUV Detector 120-180nm • MgF2 Input Window • CsI Solar Blind Photocathode • 2x 60:1 40mm MCP’s • P46 Phosphor • Fibre taper output • Star250 Sensor • NUV Detector 180-300nm • Fused Silica Input Window • CsTe Solar Blind Photocathode • VIS Detector 180-550nm • Fused Silica Input Window • Low Noise S20 Photocathode

26. Spectral Response

27. Cathode Recess A The cathode recess is measured from the front of the DM mounting ring and the front of the input window. B C View from front of detector

28. Window Thickness A The window thickness is an optical measurement from the photocathode surface to the outside surface of the window. B C View from front of detector

29. Cathode to MCP Gap A The cathode gap is measured from the photocathode surface of the input window to the front of the MCP B C View from front of detector

30. Electrical – Operating Voltages • Cathode and MCP voltage WRT ground (MCP Input). • Anode voltage WRT MCP output. • Optimal voltages are voltages as tested at Photek • The maximum specified voltages should not be exceeded • Each electrode has been over voltage (O/V) tested to the stated value

31. Resolution

32. FUV FM Gain Calibration -100V -50V Nominal +50V +100V Cathode -270V MCP 2580V Anode 3500V Cathode -270V MCP 2480V Anode 4000V Cathode -270V MCP 2400V Anode 4500V Cathode -270V MCP 2350V Anode 5000V Nominal Cathode -270V MCP 2300V Anode 5500V

33. Event Size Note: The approximate FWHM of the event footprints has been measured and the results shown above for a range of operating voltages.

34. Dark Noise Count rate graph shows variation of count rate on a 1 second timescale. 2 Hour Dark Noise Image @22C No bright defects detectable Average rate 5cps

35. Image Alignment B A C D View from front of detector Star250 Readout

36. Uniformity Horizontal / vertical cathode uniformity Average uniformity SD/Mean=4.5%

37. Environmental Testing • Encapsulation of detector • 24 Hour / 40C Bake to cure Arathane • Qualification level thermal cycle • Bond Star250 sensor • Vacuum Test • Acceptance level thermal cycle • Acceptance level vibration tests • Final acceptance tests Note: Detector is tested after each stage of environmental testing

38. Vacuum Test • Photek do not have full thermal vacuum test facilities. • The following compromise test was agreed: • Place detector in a vacuum chamber • Leave for 24 hours @20C • Increase the room temperature to 30C and leave for 48 hours • Reduce room temperature back to 20C and leave for 24 hours

39. Thermal Cycle Qualification Level Thermal Cycle +35˚C -15˚ C +45˚C -25˚C Peaks Acceptance Level Thermal Cycle +30˚C -10˚C +40˚C -20˚C Peaks Note: Short cycles 2hrs, long cycles 24 hrs

40. Sine Vibration

41. Random Vibration

42. Thank you for listening