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Efforts of the Philippine Statistical System on the Compilation of Gender Statistics

This presentation outlines the efforts of the Philippine Statistical System in measuring the contribution of women in the economy. It discusses the methodology used and highlights the results. The inclusion of unpaid work significantly increases GDP and highlights the importance of women's contribution.

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Efforts of the Philippine Statistical System on the Compilation of Gender Statistics

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  1. Efforts of the Philippine Statistical System on the Compilation of Gender Statistics By Romulo A. Virola and Jessamyn O. Encarnacion National Statistical Coordination Board Global Forum on Gender Statistics 26-28 January 2009, Accra, Ghana

  2. Outline of the Presentation • Introduction • The Philippine System of National Accounts • Efforts on the Measurement of the Contribution of Women in the Economy • Estimation Methodology • Results and Highlights • Concluding Remarks and Recommendations

  3. I. Introduction • From 2000 to 2003, women accounted for the second largest number of poor population (after the children) • Gender differential still remains as an issue in economic participation • Economic participation - 80% for men versus 50% for women in 2006 • Employment rate - 74% for men versus 46% for women in 2005 • Poses a challenge to the country in achieving Goal 3 of the MDGs

  4. I. Introduction • 2000 pilot time use survey shows that men are more “economically empowered” spending longer hours on economic activities than women • Gender inequality in economic participation • Need for information on women’s and men’s contribution to the economy

  5. I. Introduction • Past efforts on the generation of satellite accounts: • a. “Measuring The Contribution of Women To The • Philippine Economy” by Romulo A. Virola and Sylvia M. de Perio (1998) • b. “ Women’s Contribution To The Economy” by Romulo • A. Virola (1999) • Renewed calls for the NSCB to value women’s unpaid work

  6. II. The PSNA The PSNA Framework and Production Boundary

  7. II. The PSNA • Non-Market Services (unaccounted activities) include the • following (from SNA 1993, par. 6.4 ): • Cleaning, decoration and maintenance of the dwelling unit • Cleaning, servicing and repair of household durable goods, including vehicles • Preparation and serving of meals • d. Care, training and instruction of children • Care of sick, infirm or old and • Transportation of members of the household or their goods

  8. II. The PSNA • Women usually produce the non-market services (unaccounted activities) in their households • To adequately measure women’s contribution in society: • - means expanding the definition of the SNA production boundary to include non-market services

  9. II. The PSNA Possible underestimation: 1. Outside the SNA Production Boundary - non-market services in households 2. Within the SNA Production Boundary a. Women in the entertainment industry b. Women engaged in household operations c. Women engaged in household-based agricultural production

  10. III. Efforts on the Measurement of the Contribution of Women in the Economy • Efforts in the International Community

  11. III. Efforts on the Measurement of the Contribution of Women in the Economy Con’t

  12. III. Efforts on the Measurement of the Contribution of Women in the Economy 2. Efforts in the Philippine Statistical System a. “Measuring The Contribution of Women To The Philippine Economy” by Romulo A. Virola and Sylvia M. de Perio (1998) b. “ Women’s Contribution To The Economy” by Romulo A. Virola (1999) 3. United Nations “Position” In the 1993 SNA: domestic and personal services produced for own final consumption within households are still excluded in the estimation of the GDP

  13. IV. Estimation Methodology • Taking off from the methodology used by Virola and de Perio in 1998 • Using updated parameters from the results of the 2000 TUS. a/ Used in the 1998 study of Virola and de Perio b/ Used in this study c/ Details of the “original” were: 1) rescaled to add up to 24 hours (1 day); and 2) weighted using urban (for Quezon City) and rural (for Batangas) population as weights.

  14. IV. Estimation Methodology • GDP by Sex • a. Using Total Employment (from LFS) • b. Using Total Hours Worked (from LFS) • - Data from the LFS was used as weights • - Used hours – deemed to be more reflective of the “quantity” of participation of women or men in the labor force

  15. IV. Estimation Methodology • NFIA by sex • a. Net Compensation • - remittances by sex in the SOF was used as weights. • b. Net Property Income • - allocated equally to men and women due to unavailability of an allocation basis • GNP by sex • - simply the sum of GDP and NFIA by sex

  16. IV. Estimation Methodology • Multiplied by the total number of employed, unemployed and those outside the labor force from the LFS

  17. IV. Estimation Methodology Methods Used in Valuation of Unpaid Work

  18. IV. Estimation Methodology • Unpaid household and community services by sex was estimated using the same procedures except total time spent in community services was included • Direct estimation of unpaid household was used in computing for the self-valuation results

  19. V. Results and Highlights • Accounting for Unpaid Work, Conventional GDP Increases by 66.2 Percent!

  20. V. Results and Highlights • Women’s Contribution to GDP increased by 8 Percentage Points

  21. V. Results and Highlights • Women Account for 59.6 Percent of the Total Hours of Unpaid Work!

  22. V. Results and Highlights • Women Not in the Labor Force Account for More than Half of the Total Value of Unpaid Work of Women!

  23. V. Results and Highlights • Women Accounted for only 27.4 while Men was higher with 72.6 Percent of the Total NFIA!

  24. V. Results and Highlights • Women Contributed 46.2 Percent of the Adjusted GNP!

  25. V. Results and Highlights • New Estimates of Unpaid Work Almost Doubled!

  26. V. Results and Highlights • Unpaid Work is Higher if Self-Valuation is Used!

  27. VI. Concluding remarks and recommendations • Methodology needs improvement • Data limitations of the PSS • 3. Financial and manpower constraints of the NSCB • 4. Reports appear to be comparable to other countries • Better appreciation from international community will benefit the efforts to value unpaid work in the SNA

  28. VI. Concluding remarks and recommendations • 6. Users should recognize the benefits from the generation of statistics and it will be helpful if they are able to demonstrate actual policy uses of statistics. • Need for statistical capacity building of the producers, users and the providers of statistics. • The Government thru the DBM and Congress should realize that statistics will play a the critical role in the global competition among knowledge-based economies in the Third Millennium.

  29. Maraming Salamat po! URL: http://www.nscb.gov.ph e-mail: info@nscb.gov.ph

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