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An Evolutionary Approach in Financial Forecast (A Random thought). VEAM 2010 at Cualo Le Hong Nhat. The Classical Theory of Finance Risk and Return: A Brief Review. Investors prefer high expected levels of return and dislike risk.
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An Evolutionary Approach in Financial Forecast(A Random thought) VEAM 2010 at Cualo Le Hong Nhat
The Classical Theory of FinanceRisk and Return: A Brief Review • Investors prefer high expected levels of return and dislike risk. • It would be a mistake to ask the question as: Which investments are most attractive? • By creating a portfolio, one can achieve the same level of return as any single asset, but with a less volatility.
The Classical Theory of FinanceThe One-Fund Portfolio: Illustration Mean return C (CAPM): One fund M A (Single Asset) r Standard deviation (Risk)
The Classical theory of FinanceImplication of The One Fund: CAPM • CAPM: Which says that the expected return of a security equals the riskless rate of interest, r, plus a risk premium, associated with the security’s beta. • Rationally, If this expected return does not meet or beat the required return, then investors should not hold this asset or security.
The Classical theory of FinanceMatching CAPM with the Real World • Assumption on rational expectation. • Rational behavior and adjustment mechanism. • Embedded in the mechanism is EMH: prices can never be too far out of line.
The Classical theory of FinanceRandom Walk (EMH) & ARCH paradigm EMH: ARCH Pricingerror time (unbiased) Variance is time varying:
An evolutionary ApproachBounded rationality and learning • Bounded Rationality • Adaptive Learning and Risk Dominance • Stochastically Stable State • Forecast in Adaptive Learning Environments. • EMH in Adaptive Learning