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SLIDE LIBRARY for instruction in VACUUM TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

SLIDE LIBRARY for instruction in VACUUM TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS. First Edition. Pierre M. Strubin. Module 2: Bake-out techniques in Particle Accelerators: Heating Techniques. Series Editor Dr. Badly WANTED. Introduction. Motivation Reduce the thermal desorption rate

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SLIDE LIBRARY for instruction in VACUUM TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

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  1. SLIDE LIBRARY for instruction in VACUUM TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS First Edition Pierre M. Strubin Module 2: Bake-out techniques in Particle Accelerators: Heating Techniques Series Editor Dr. Badly WANTED

  2. Introduction • Motivation • Reduce the thermal desorption rate • Typ. 10-10 mbar l s-1 cm-2 before bake-out • Typ. 10-12 mbar l s-1 cm-2 baked for 24 h at 300 ˚C • The desired operational pressure is achieve in much less time than pumping only • Constraints • All metal system • Need of enough space for insulation layer Same heating and regulation equipment used to activate NEG coatings

  3. Removable heaters Heating tapes, polyimide heaters Collars Heating “jackets” Ovens Permanently installed heaters Coaxial Heaters Plasma sprayed heating elements Superheated pressurised water Main Heating Means Main cost isin manpower Main cost isin equipment

  4. Typical power density between 2 and 3 W cm-2 Allows for 200 to 300 W m-1 Maximum temperature up to 450 ˚C Insulation is glass silk or mineral wool No asbestos! Sold in various lengths and widths Powered from the mains via a regulator Heating Tapes

  5. Stainless Steel band “sandwiched”between a polyimide support Temperature limited to around 300˚C By polyimide By adhesive used to fix it on the vacuum vessel Very thin, recommended when space is an issue Small sizes of the shelves Polyimide Heaters

  6. Built to adapt to odd shapes Incorporate insulation glass silk or mineral wool No asbestos! Hand made -> expensive Used when heating equipment has to be removed after bake-out Powered from the mains via a regulator Heating “Jackets”

  7. Examples of “Heating Jackets”

  8. Adapted for circular pipes Easy to mount and robust Power up to a few hundred watts per collar Mainly used for short tubes pairs of small flanges Collar Heaters

  9. Rigid structure E.g. for experimental chambers Can make use of very effective oxide powdersas isolation material (e.g. SiO2, Al2O3) -> 100 W m-1 to bake to 250˚C Expensive but robust and radiation resistant Ovens

  10. Examples

  11. Characteristics of Heaters

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