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Polar water molecules interacting with positive and negative ions of a salt .

Polar water molecules interacting with positive and negative ions of a salt. Solvation. Solvent molecules attract solute particles. Solute particles break away from each other and the crystal structure breaks apart. The ethanol molecule contains a polar O—H bond.

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Polar water molecules interacting with positive and negative ions of a salt .

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  1. Polar water molecules interacting with positive and negative ions of a salt.

  2. Solvation • Solvent molecules attract solute particles. • Solute particles break away from each other and the crystal structure breaks apart.

  3. The ethanol molecule contains a polar O—H bond.

  4. The polar water molecule interacts strongly with the polar O—H bond in ethanol.

  5. An oil layer floating on water

  6. Dissociation Equations • Non-electrolytes in solution separate into individual neutral, molecules that move freely throughout the solution. An equation showing a non-electrolyte dissolving simply shows it changing from the pure to its dissolved state. C12H22O11(s)→ C12H22O11(aq)

  7. Dissociation Equations • When electrolytes dissolve they separate into ions that move freely throughout the solution. • The solution as a whole remains neutral, since, although the individual ions are charged, they balance each other out. • Equations that show electrolytes dissolving show the solute changing from its pure state to aqueous ions.

  8. Dissociation Equations • These equations are called dissociation equations. • Dissociation equations must be balanced, show correct ionic charge and physical states. KCl(s)↔ K+(aq)+ Cl-(aq) Al2(SO4)3(s)↔ 2 Al3+(aq)+ 3 SO42-(aq) Cu(NO3)2(s)↔ Cu2+(aq)+ 2 NO3-(aq)

  9. Ionize Vs. Dissociate • Dissociation – when ionic compounds break apart • Ionize – when molecules break apart HCl(g)↔ H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) NaOH(s)↔ Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

  10. ► Practice, p.198 # 2

  11. In any chemical reaction REACTANTS → PRODUCTS Energy must be absorbed to break the chemical bonds of the reactant molecules. AND Energy must be released when the chemical bonds are formed in the building of the product molecules.

  12. C3H8(g) + O2(g)→ CO2(g) + H2O (g) Example 1 5 3 4 Represent the molecules with structural formulae H H – C – H H – C – H + H – C – H H O = O O = O O = O O = O O = O H – O – H H – O – H H – O – H H – O – H O = C = O O = C = O + O = C = O →

  13. Average Bond Energies

  14. ► Section 5.2 #1 – 4, 8

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