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Unit 4 (Ch. 8) Chemical Reactions. Predicting Decomposition Reactions (Notepack, pg. 4). 8.2 Types of Reactions DECOMBINATION REACTIONS. Define decomposition reaction: A single compound is broken down into two or more products.
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Unit 4 (Ch. 8) Chemical Reactions Predicting Decomposition Reactions (Notepack, pg. 4)
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS • Define decomposition reaction: A single compound is broken down into two or more products. Most compounds are broken down when energy is added (often in the form of heat or electricity)
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS B. Write a general formula for a decomposition reaction: AB A + B
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS There are 5 Helpful Hints for Decomposition Reactions (Notepack pg. 5) 5 Helpful Hints
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Oxy-acids are acids with oxygen in them: H3PO4 HNO3(NOT: HCl, HBr, etc) Helpful Hint #1
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. A nonmetal oxide is just that, a nonmetal bonded with oxygen. Examples: P2O3, N2O5, SO3, etc Helpful Hint #1
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Sulfuric acid is heated
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Sulfuric acid is heated H2SO4 + Oxy-acid water + nonmetal oxide
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Sulfuric acid is heated H2SO4 H2O + ____ After transferring the H2O over, from the left to the right, what is left?
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Sulfuric acid is heated H2SO4 H2O + SO3 Oxy-acid water + nonmetal oxide
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Nitric acid is heated
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Nitric acid is heated HNO3 Oxy-acid water + nonmetal oxide
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Nitric acid is heated HNO3 H2O + _____ Oxy-acid water + nonmetal oxide After transferring the H2O over, what is left?
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Nitric acid is heated HNO3 H2O + NO Oxy-acid water + nonmetal oxide
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water.
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallichydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Metallic hydroxides include: Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide NaOH sodium hydroxide
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Example: Sodium hydroxide is heated. NaOH
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Example: Sodium hydroxide is heated. NaOH H2O + ______
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Example: Sodium hydroxide is heated. NaOH H2O + Na2O …but it’s not balanced.
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Example: Sodium hydroxide is heated. 2NaOH H2O + Na2O Sodium hydroxide “yields” water and sodium oxide
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Example: Calcium hydroxide is heated. Ca(OH)2
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Example: Calcium hydroxide is heated. Ca(OH)2 H2O + _____
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Example: Calcium hydroxide is heated. Ca(OH)2 H2O + CaO Calcium hydroxide “yields” water and calcium oxide
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #3 3. Some metallic CARBONATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas. Metallic carbonate metal oxide and carbon dioxide
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #3 3. Some metallic CARBONATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas. Examples of metallic carbonates: Copper (II) carbonate CuCO3 CuCO3 Metallic carbonate metal oxide and carbon dioxide
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #3 3. Some metallic CARBONATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas. Examples of metallic carbonates: Copper (II) carbonate CuCO3 CuCO3 ____ + CO2 Metallic carbonate metal oxide and carbon dioxide
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #3 3. Some metallic CARBONATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas. Examples of metallic carbonates: Copper (II) carbonate CuCO3 CuCO3 CuO + CO2 Metallic carbonate metal oxide and carbon dioxide
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #3 3. Some metallic CARBONATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas. Examples of metallic carbonates: Copper (II) carbonate CuCO3 CuCO3 CuO + CO2 Copper (II) carbonate “yields” copper (II) oxide and carbon dioxide Metallic carbonate metal oxide and carbon dioxide
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #4 4. Some metallicCHLORATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal chloride and oxygen gas. Change this in your notes!!!
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #4 4. Some metallicCHLORATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal chloride and oxygen gas. Examples of metallic chlorates: Potassiumchlorate KClO3 Aluminumchlorate Al(ClO3)3 Magnesiumchlorate Mg(ClO3)2
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #4 4. Some metallic CHLORATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal chloride and oxygen gas. Examples: Potassium chlorate is heated
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #4 4. Some metallic CHLORATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal chloride and oxygen gas. Examples: Potassium chlorate is heated KClO3
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #4 4. Some metallic CHLORATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal chloride and oxygen gas. Examples: Potassium chlorate is heated KClO3 _____ + O2 Metallic chlorate metal chloride and oxygen gas
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #4 4. Some metallic CHLORATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal chloride and oxygen gas. Examples: Potassium chlorate is heated KClO3 KCl + O2 Potassium chlorate “yields” potassium chloride and oxygen gas Metallic chlorate metal chloride and oxygen gas
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 5. Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Binary compounds are made of just 2 different elements
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 5. Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Examples of binary compounds: Water H2O (same as H OH) Silver oxide Ag2O Iron (II) oxide FeO Mercury (II) oxide HgO
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 5. Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Examples: Water decomposes when electricity is applied
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 5. Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Examples: Water decomposes when electricity is applied H2O H2 + O2 Water Hydrogen gas + Oxygen gas …but it’s not balanced.
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 5. Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Examples: Water decomposes when electricity is applied 2H2O 2H2 + O2 Water Hydrogen gas + Oxygen gas
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Examples: Silver oxide decomposes when heated
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Examples: Silver oxide decomposes when heated 2Ag2O Silver oxide
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Examples: Silver oxide decomposes when heated 2Ag2O 2Ag + O2 Silver oxide Silver + Oxygen gas
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: With the person next to you, predict the product in the following decomposition reactions. (Use the from above!) Helpful Hints
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following decompositions… (Use the from above!) 1. Calcium carbonate solid is heated Helpful Hints
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following decompositions… (Use the from above!) 1. Calcium carbonate solid is heated Ca(OH)2 CaO + CO2 Helpful Hints
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following decompositions… (Use the from above!) 2. Magnesium chlorate solid is heated Helpful Hints
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following decompositions… (Use the from above!) 2. Magnesium chlorate solid is heated Mg(ClO3)2 MgCl2 + O2 Helpful Hints
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following decompositions… (Use the from above!) 3. Hydroiodic acid is heated Helpful Hints
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following decompositions… (Use the from above!) 3. Hydroiodic acid is heated 2HI H2 + I2 Helpful Hints
8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following decompositions… (Use the from above!) 4. Magnesium hydroxide is heated Helpful Hints