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Integrated Optic Components

Integrated Optic Components. Integrated optics: combine many elements on a single monolithic substrate. Passive: Requires no input power, like directional couplers, beam splitters, isolators, filters, lenses and prisms.

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Integrated Optic Components

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  1. Integrated Optic Components • Integrated optics: combine many elements on a single monolithic substrate • Passive: Requires no input power, like directional couplers, beam splitters, isolators, filters, lenses and prisms • Active: Requires input power to operate on signals, like modulators, switches, light sources and detectors • Passive devices: are generally constructed by modifying the waveguide structure

  2. IOC: Directional Coupler • Directional coupler: formed by ion exchange, CVD, etc • Operation and power ratios • Coupling is a result of evanescent fields overlap • Most common ratio is 1:1, 3dB • Ideal coupler: P2/P1=cos2(pL/2Lc), P3/P1=sin2(pL/2Lc) • Lc: length for total power transfer • Propagation factor matching

  3. IOC: Active Devices • Power splitters • Active devices: those control light such as switching, modulation and those convert light • Active control requires materials that are electro optic or acousto optic • Electro optic materilas: change their index in proportion to an applied electric field

  4. IOC: Active Components • Electro optic switch • Acousto optic materials rely on the interaction between acoustic waves, excited piezo electrically at WG surface and light beam • Diffusing titanium into lithium niobate (strong electro optic effect) • Operation

  5. IOC: Active Components • Modulator • Mach-Zehnder interferometer • Operation • Devices operating at GHz range and requires 10 V is available • Transfer characteristic of a switch is: Po/Pin=0.5(1+cospV/Vp) • Vp:voltage produces 180o phase shift • Nonlinear operation is not desired

  6. IOC: Active Components • It operates around linear portions by replacing V by V-Vp/2 • Po/Pin=0.5(1+sinpV/Vp) • Advantages of external modulators and switches: • Higher frequency • Does not vary source wavelength and linewidth

  7. Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits • OIC: combining optical and electronic functions on same substrate • GaAs substrate • GaAs Photoconductive detector • GaAs MESFET • AlGaAs Laser diode

  8. AWG

  9. Planar FBG

  10. Spectrum

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