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Some forms of cancer are confined to children: - Nephroblastoma - Neuroblastoma - Retinoblastoma

Pediatric oncology - The Majority are sporadic. -2 nd cause of death in the…while the 5 th in the….countries. Some forms of cancer are confined to children: - Nephroblastoma - Neuroblastoma - Retinoblastoma.

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Some forms of cancer are confined to children: - Nephroblastoma - Neuroblastoma - Retinoblastoma

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  1. Pediatric oncology- The Majority are sporadic. -2nd cause of death in the…while the 5th in the….countries

  2. Some forms of cancer are confined to children:- Nephroblastoma- Neuroblastoma- Retinoblastoma

  3. Incidence of malignancies:1 in 600 of< 15Leukemias; 35%C.N.S; 25%Lymphomas; 10%All other forms; 30%

  4. Aetiology:Mainly unknown and sporadic but may be associated with;- Fameleal tendency.- Genetic disorders.- Immunodefeciency disorders.- Chromosomal disorders.- Viral infections.- Enviromental factors.

  5. Presenting features:1)Prol.fever2)Masses: AbdominalMediastinal Trunk & extremities3)Bone pain4) Lymphadenopathy5)↑ I.C.P.6)Bruising,petechiae,& pallor7)Leukorcia8)Hypertention.

  6. Leukemia:Most common pediatric malignancy.85% are of ALLpeak at 2-6yrALL classification:1)Morphologicaly to L1,L2,&L32)Immunophenotypicaly to T-cell , B-cell, & pre B-cell.

  7. Clinical picture:PallorBleedingHepatosplenomegally and LAPFeverBone painTesticular pain

  8. DIAGNOSIS C.B.C. may rarely be normal B.M examination ;without which diagnosisshould never be made.

  9. Prognosis:Favorable in:1-9 yearsfemalesWhite race<50,000 W.B.C.Ploidy(>53 chromosomes within lymphoblasts)No organomegaly.No Chromosomal translocationLate relapasers

  10. Treatment:1)Induction.; 98% of ALL go to remission by a 4 weeks course of:VincristineSteroidL.asparaginaseC.S.F. treatment by MTH, cytarabine &H.C.2)Consolidation:Cyclical MTH, L-asparaginase, doxorubicin, cytarabine, vincristine,cyclophosphamide & cranial radiation ( in over 5 years ).

  11. 3)Maintenance:Daily; 6-mercaptopurine; Weekly; Methotrexate and Monthly; Vincristine and steroids for 2-3 years.B.M transplantation for high risk cases & frequent relapsers.

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