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Photosynthesis

Learn about photosynthesis, the process where plants harness light energy to convert inorganic compounds into organic compounds. Explore the stages, importance, and structure of photosynthesis, including the light and dark reactions. Discover the significance of photosynthetic pigments and the role of chloroplasts in this vital biochemical process.

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis process by which plants, algae and some bacteria use light energy to convert inorganiccompounds into organic compounds

  2. Overall Reaction light enzymes CO2 + H2O → → → C6H12O6 + O2 Inorganic   Organic Reverseof cellular respiration

  3. Plants use glucose to: • generate ATP molecules during cellular respiration ( Plants carry out respiration too) • build more complex organic molecules → fats (oils, waxes) → starch → proteins → nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

  4. Importance of Photosynthesis • food source for other organisms • provides oxygen gas in atmosphere

  5. Site of Photosynthesis: Chloroplast

  6. Why are plants green?

  7. Chloroplast • Grana: stacks of thylakoids that contain chlorophyll ( Light Reaction ) • Stroma: thick fluid that suspends the grana ( Dark Reaction) • Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, have a double membrane

  8. Light WavesLight is composed of photons of energy that travels in wavesThe wavelength of light determines its color.

  9. Electromagnetic Spectrum • ROYGBIV

  10. Plants absorb most wavelengths of light exceptgreen • Green light waves are reflected – which is why plants look green

  11. Photosynthetic Pigments • Chlorophyll is the most abundant (PSP) • chlorophyll a & b absorb red and blue light, reflect green light

  12. Photosynthetic Pigments

  13. Photosynthetic Pigments • having several types of pigments in a leaf allows the plant to absorb more of the light • In this way more energy is available for photosynthesis

  14. Photosynthesis • There are two stages ( Reactions ) • Light reactions: occur in the grana ( Splits H2O and make ATP ) • Dark reactions (Calvin cycle): occur in the stroma (Makes G3P -a precursor to glucose)

  15. Structure of a Chloroplast • The light reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane • The dark reactions take place in the stroma

  16. Stage I - Light Reaction • Also called Light Dependent Reaction • Pigments in the chloroplasts intercept light and begin the light reactions of photosynthesis. • Photosystem: a unit of several hundred chlorophyll a molecules and associated acceptor molecules

  17. Photosystems • when a photon strikes a pigment molecule, the energy jumps from pigment to pigment until it reaches the reaction center

  18. Photosystems

  19. Photosystems • water molecules are split using light energy • This is called photolysis → releases O2 in the atmosphere

  20. Two Types of Photosystems • Photosystems Produce a small amount of ATP and NADPH

  21. Photosynthesis Animations • photosynthesis animation • photosynthesis animation

  22. Stage II: Dark reactions(Calvin Cycle)

  23. Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle) • Using carbon from CO2 (Low Energy and Inorganic) and the ATP, NADPH, from the light reaction • Calvin cycle synthesizes an energy-rich sugar molecule (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or G3P) • G3P is a raw material used to make glucose and other organic molecules

  24. Calvin Cycle

  25. Calvin Cycle • For every 3 CO2 used, 1 G3P is formed • Photosynthesis Fill In Quiz • Respiration & Photosynthesis Quiz

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