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Facilitating Seminars/Tutorials and Promoting Discussion. Dr. Catherine Black, Languages and Literatures & Dr. Marc B. Cels, Medieval Studies/History. Remember your BEST TA or seminar leader?. General Goals of Discussion. Wake up! Inspire the ‘frisson’ of fear Reinforce material
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Facilitating Seminars/Tutorials and Promoting Discussion Dr. Catherine Black, Languages and Literatures & Dr. Marc B. Cels, Medieval Studies/History
General Goals of Discussion • Wake up! • Inspire the ‘frisson’ of fear • Reinforce material • Deepen thinking • Apply/practice ideas/models/techniques • Challenge ideas • Dispel misconceptions • Argue ideas • Generate new connections/ideas/theories • Communicate clearly
Roles of Participants in Achieving Goals • Clarify goals with instructor • Explain goals to students • Not to listen to another lecture • Everyone’s job to think and communicate
Establishing a FriendlyDiscussion Environment • Discussions are not oral examinations! • Forum to try ideas & even get it wrong. • Everyone should be able to face each other (and put back). • Have students use name tags • Use students’ names • NEVER embarrass a student.
Facilitating Discussion • Clarify purpose • Apply knowledge of different learning styles • Draw out ideas rather than lecturing • Start with simple questions (analytical) • Progress to deeper/synthetic questions. • Rephrase questions if necessary • Allow thinking time: pause • Help students articulate, distinguish, rephrase and refine responses.
Adding an Edge! Provoke responses and deeper thought: • Extreme question/statement • Question on board/screen/handout • Cartoon, newspaper, current event • Set up a debate • Assign a devil’s advocate • Use role play or improv acting =active learning and communication is fun!
Leader’s Attitude • Influences energy and attitude of a group • Friendly and open from the start or even before class • Open, encouraging, and enthusiastic • Empathetic and caring • Prepares material and gives thought to achieving learning outcomes
Taking Something Away from Discussions • What kind of notes should participants come away with from discussions? • Worksheets (posted online) • Tables, charts, graphs • Discussion journal • Group recorders/secretaries • Ask students about note-taking
Challenges in Leading Discussion • What have been the challenges that you’ve found/anticipate?
The Silent • Why: Shy? Confused? Unprepared? Slow? • Be clear about goals of discussion • Go around so everyone can respond. • Allow thinking time. • Assign two to start discussion. • Give shy students a question in advance. • Make an unprepared group read out loud. • Ask participants how to improve discussion.
Yappers • How do you handle the very smart? • Avoid raised hands on easy questions • Leave smart to the last • After class, explain your actions • Enlist their help in stimulating group discussion
Yappers: The Dominating • Tactfully ask: “Is there someone else with an answer? So-and-so is doing all the work for us!” • Probe vacuous answers • After class, explain your actions • Enlist their help
Yappers: Extreme Cases • Speak to them outside of class • Deal: limit them to 1 sentence that clearly summarizes their idea • BUT: stop rude/obnoxious behavior and speak to offenders after class
Resources: • http://teaching.berkeley.edu/bgd/participation.html • http://depts.washington.edu/cidrweb/TLBulletins/2(3)Discussion.html • www.philosophypages.com/ph/socr.htm