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Geothermal Heat Pumps A - Z Session 1

Geothermal Heat Pumps A - Z Session 1. Understanding Geothermal Heat Pumps and their Value to Utilities 2012 Illinois Geothermal Conference Peoria, IL February 28, 2012 Paul Bony Director Of Residential Market Development ClimateMaster. Introduction To Ground Source Heat pumps (GSHP).

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Geothermal Heat Pumps A - Z Session 1

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  1. Geothermal Heat Pumps A - ZSession 1 Understanding Geothermal Heat Pumps and their Value to Utilities 2012 Illinois Geothermal Conference Peoria, IL February 28, 2012 Paul Bony Director Of Residential Market Development ClimateMaster ClimateMaster

  2. Introduction To Ground Source Heat pumps (GSHP) Subjects to be covered • The history of GSHP • How GSHPs Work • Why GSHPs are of Value to Electric Utilities ClimateMaster

  3. Earth Energy – It’s Not New Earth energy system was first patented in Switzerland in 1912 Residential system installed in Canada in 1950 ClimateMaster Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergy

  4. Heat Pump Systems are Reliable Mr. Bill Loosley installed geothermal system in his home in Burlington, ON in 1950 Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergy ClimateMaster

  5. Mr. Loosley’s System: Desuperheater added to hot water tank Belt drive compressor Air coil in old oil furnace ClimateMaster Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergy

  6. Heat Pump Systems are Reliable Compressor was initially powered by hand crank diesel motor… changed to electric motor (still being used!!) in 1953 when his wife couldn’t start it. Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergy ClimateMaster

  7. GSHP Basics ClimateMaster

  8. Geothermal Heat Pump Systems combine Sun, Earth and Water using proven technology… … to create “the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space-conditioning system” (according to U.S. EPA 1993) ClimateMaster

  9. Geothermal System Components • Heat pump • Ground loop ClimateMaster

  10. Heat Pumps Are All Around Us HEAT HEAT Air conditioners and air-source heat pumps transfer heat from inside houses to the air outside B B B Refrigerators transfer heat from food into the kitchen ClimateMaster

  11. Heat Pump Components Compressor Refrigerant reversing valve Fluid heat exchanger – ground loop (Coax) Metering device – TXV Air heat exchanger – air coil Electrical Controls ClimateMaster

  12. Option ClimateMaster

  13. Simple Concept Typical water-refrigerant Heat Exchanger used in most GSHP equipment Water moves energy better than air does Water in the ground provides renewable energy ClimateMaster 13

  14. 47% of the solar energy falling on our planet is absorbed by the Earth’s surface… ClimateMaster

  15. … maintaining a nearly constant temperature throughout the year just below ground ClimateMaster

  16. Earth is a better Energy Source ClimateMaster

  17. The Earth is the Source of Heat in Winter… Outdoor air design temperature: -5°F 72°F 50°F A geothermal heat pump transfers underground heat into the building to provide heating ClimateMaster

  18. …and an Efficient Place to Reject or Store Heat in Summer… Outdoor air design temperature: 95°F 74°F 50°F A geothermal heat pump transfers heat from the building into the ground to provide cooling ClimateMaster

  19. …using Heat Pump Technology Geothermal heat pumps circulate water through a sealed underground piping loop where it is naturally warmed (or cooled) by the Earth ClimateMaster

  20. Geothermal System Components Ground loop Three basic designs Horizontal Open Loop Vertical ClimateMaster

  21. Vertical Closed-Loop Installation Drilling Pipe Loop Insertion Heat Fusing Inside Connection ClimateMaster

  22. Geothermal Heat Pump Efficiency 1 unit of energy from the grid Yields: 4-6 units of energy for the building Plus: 3-5 units of “free” energy from the earth ClimateMaster 400-600% Efficient

  23. Geothermal Equipment • The equipment keeps getting better • “COP’s” (% efficiency) are reaching 5 (500%) • Hybrid units can greatly reduce installation costs • Fits load control and peak time pricing • Can be tied to a gas furnace for load control • Water to water units can support thermal storage for expanded peak clipping ClimateMaster

  24. Geothermal Heat Pumps Self-contained heating, cooling and hot water ClimateMaster

  25. Geothermal Heat Pumps are one of the Most Effective and Deployable Technologies… … producing the lowest carbon dioxide emissions, including all source effects, of all available space-conditioning technologies(EPA, 1993) ClimateMaster

  26. ClimateMaster

  27. “Ground Source Heat Pumps offer the greatest potential for energy efficiency of any existing technology”(EPRI Dec 2009) ClimateMaster

  28. Buildings Dominate U.S. Energy Use and Carbon Emissions with Heating, Cooling, and Water Heating being the Largest Contributors Thermal Loads Heating 9.2% Cooling 4.3% Hot Water 3.8% Total 17.3% ~ 20% of all U.S. Carbon Emissions ClimateMaster

  29. HVAC Energy Use ComparisonsReduces energy consumption by 50% Conventional HVAC - Home Geothermal HVAC - Home ClimateMaster

  30. Ordinary Furnace Efficiency 5 - 30% of Energy Lost (unusable energy) To Outdoors Through the Chimney 1 Unit Of Fuel Used To Generate Heat (Purchased) Only 70 - 95% of Energy Purchased Gets Into the Home (usable energy) ClimateMaster

  31. Geothermal Heat Pump Efficiency 1 unit of energy from the grid Yields: 4-6 units of energy for the building Plus: 3-5 units of “free” energy from the earth 400-600% Efficient ClimateMaster

  32. Geothermal Heat Pumps Energy Savings - Residential 1300 Square Foot Habitat for Humanity Home Demonstrated Residential Savings… ClimateMaster

  33. Habitat for Humanity Average of 16 Homes - Total Site Energy Use in 2007 47% Site Energy Savings ClimateMaster

  34. Demand Impacts Each residential heat pump linked to geothermal system can reduce peak loads in (US DOE) Summer by 1–2 KW vs. AC Winter by 4–8 KW vs. AAHP & ER Residential (Electric Program) Over 10 million residential consumers Assume just 1 KW reduction per installation 10,000 MW demand reduction ClimateMaster

  35. Demand Impacts GHP Value .5 kW/ ton ClimateMaster

  36. Demand Impacts Austin TX model results ClimateMaster is working with the Utility Geothermal Working Group and Oak Ridge National Lab to develop a national GSHP demand and energy savings “map” using eQuest (DOE 2) modeling for utility program managers. ClimateMaster

  37. Demand Impacts 4 ton Geo vs. Conventional –Home Peaks – Denver Colorado Avg. of 2.1kw savings ClimateMaster

  38. Energy Savings - Commercial Demonstrated Commercial Buildings Savings ClimateMaster

  39. A Tale of Two Buildings PROJECT RESULTS FROM: A “side by side” Comparison of a Ground Source Heat Pump System vs. Conventional HVAC System between two “identical” buildings. ClimateMaster Palo Alto, CA Oklahoma City, OK

  40. Oklahoma City - Garrett Buildings ClimateMaster Conventional 15,000 sq ft Built in 1987 Conventional Roof Top VAV Building GHP 20,000 sq ft Built in 1997 40 boreholes drilled 250 feet deep on 20 foot centers and 3/4 inch PE pipe 16 Ceiling Mounted Units

  41. Garrett Office Buildings Actual Metered Annual Energy Use 2006-2007 47% Site Energy Savings ClimateMaster

  42. Garrett Office Buildings Monthly Peak Demand 2006-2007 35% Peak Demand Reduction ClimateMaster

  43. Load Factor (4 yr Monthly Average) ClimateMaster

  44. Palo Alto, California Buildings ClimateMaster

  45. 2183 and 2185 Park Blvd Buildings Two Stories 10,000 sq ft each Built in the 1960s ClimateMaster

  46. Palo Alto Buildings Energy Costs construction ClimateMaster

  47. Hourly Load Curve Sample 08/22/06 ClimateMaster

  48. Proven Benefits: GSHP retrofit of 4,000 buildings/homes at Fort Polk - 1994 Evaluation showed 33% kWh savings, 43% lower summer peak kW demand, and improved load factor (0.52 to 0.62) ORNL/CON-460 @ www.ornl.gov/sci/ees/etsd/btric/ground-source.shtml Typical distribution feeder (16 in all) Army’s existing meter Current transducers on secondary leads to existing meter New recording watt meter, modem, and phone line To recorder Buried phone line to nearest pedestal ClimateMaster

  49. Geothermal Heat Pumps The difference in the before and after system efficiency = carbon emissions savings. 300,000 GSHP retrofits could save approximately the carbon emissions of a 500 mW coal plant (which serves 300,000 +/- homes!) ClimateMaster

  50. Tri State Market • Kansas City, MO Vs. Louisville, KY • Kansas City • 4,750 heating degree days • 1,325 cooling degree days • Louisville • 4,610 Heating degree days • 1,443 cooling degree days ClimateMaster

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