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More positive aspects of philosophy. Original Greek: Philo (loving) + Sophia (wisdom) Did one of your family or teachers have a philosophy (of life) that you admired? Do you have a philosophy of sport, or of cooking, and of education?. Wise Up. “Wisdom begins in wonder.”.
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More positive aspects of philosophy • Original Greek: Philo (loving) + Sophia (wisdom) • Did one of your family or teachers have a philosophy (of life) that you admired? • Do you have a philosophy of sport, or of cooking, • and of education?
Wise Up “Wisdom begins in wonder.” “Good learning begins with questions, not answers” Professor Guy Claxton Socrates (470-399 B.C.)
Process and Content “He who learns, but does not think, is lost. He who thinks, but does not learn, is in great danger.” Confucius (551 – 479 bc)
Aims of P4C “The aim of a thinking skills program such as P4C to help (children) become more thoughtful, more reflective, more considerate and more reasonable individuals.” Matthew Lipman (1924 - )
Overview of P4/wC • Originated in New Jersey, early 70’s, as a Thinking Skills programme • Now taken up equally to promote Social and Emotional Skills • Practised in about 5,000 schools in USA • Now being developed in over 60 countries, some specifically to promote democratic values (e.g. Bulgaria, S. Korea) • Established in UK in early 90’s after BBC documentary, ‘Socrates for 6 year olds’, inspired founding of SAPERE • About 10,000 teachers now through basic training (min. 10 hours) • Typical timetabling: 1 hour per week, shown in Scotland to improve performance in key aspects of learning • (Also used for adult recreation – PiPs and POP – hence ‘Philosophy for Communities’)
Clackmannanshire Head Teachers’ perceptions of positive change • Improved Questioning and Reasoning skills • Improved Reading and Understanding skills • Improved Listening skills • Improved Communication skills • Improved Behaviour 18 Primary schools, 1 hour ‘Philosophy’ a week, 1 Year
Community of Philosophical Enquiry – Basic Practices and Principles • sitting in a circle or horseshoe • (equality of status) • turntaking, voting, wrong to ‘put down’, right to ‘pass’, etc. • (fairness of process and respect for persons) • practice of questioning and responding • (spirit of enquiry and engagement with learning) • reflecting, esp. seeking and giving reasons • (ideal of reasonableness)
Big Ideas Chart A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
The 4 C’s of P4C Thinking focus ABOUT THINKING FOR YOURSELF OF OTHERS WITH OTHERS
Philosophy’s enduring principle “Not life, but good life, is to be chiefly valued” Socrates (470 - 399 B.C.)
‘The unexamined life is not worth living’ QCDA endorses Socrates
Still thinking? “Education's purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.” Malcom S. Forbes (1919 - 1990) “The release of atom power has changed everything except our way of thinking... the solution to this problem lies in the heart of mankind. If only I had known, I should have become a watchmaker.” - Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)
SAPERE(Society for Advancing Philosophical Enquiry and Reflection in Education) Website: www.sapere.org.uk roger@dialogueworks.co.uk