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Present Status of the World-wide Fusion Programme and possible applications of superconducting Accelerators .

Present Status of the World-wide Fusion Programme and possible applications of superconducting Accelerators . Roberto Andreani. What is fusion?. Why Fusion?. The Magnetic Confinement. Fusion: a Breeding Reactor. JET. From JET to ITER. 500 MW,400s,Q = 10. 16 MW power produced. 1s.

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Present Status of the World-wide Fusion Programme and possible applications of superconducting Accelerators .

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  1. Present Status of the World-wide Fusion Programme and possible applications of superconducting Accelerators. Roberto Andreani The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  2. What is fusion? The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  3. Why Fusion? The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  4. The Magnetic Confinement The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  5. Fusion: a Breeding Reactor The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  6. JET The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  7. From JET to ITER 500 MW,400s,Q = 10 16 MW power produced. 1s The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  8. Progress in fusion physics understanding The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  9. The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  10. Superconducting Magnets (Nb3Sn); Plasma Facing components (Be→W); Remote Handling; Structural Materials (St.St.→Martensitic). Major Technological Problems of ITER The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  11. Atoms displacement from their positions in the lattice→ Hardening and brittleness. 1 MW/m2a= 10 dpa. Reactor first wall: ~ 2 MW/m2 → 20 dpa/a Transmutation reactions: Hydrogen and helium produced→Swelling and brittleness. A cumulative effect is the change in the Ductile to Brittle Transition Temperature (DBTT). Interaction of 14 MeV neutrons with the structural materials The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  12. Displacement in the DBTT. (Measured after irradiations in fission reactors) The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  13. An intense source of 14 MeV neutrons (1018 n/s). 50 dpa/a in 0.5 l volume. 20 dpa/a in 6 l. To study the effect of 14 MeV neutrons on fusion reactor materials. So far only <1012n/s, 14 MeV sources available. Only qualitative probing of the effects of 14 Mev neutrons on materials possible. IFMIF experimentation, besides direct results, will also allow correlating the large amount of existing data collected in irradiations with fission neutrons or ion beams. IFMIF (International Fusion Materials Irradiation facility) The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  14. IFMIF The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  15. IFMIF. Target System.Schematic view Liquid Li Target D+ Beam (10MW) Neutrons (~1017n/s) Li Free Surface D+ Accelerator Specimens EMP Mission:Obtain stable and high speed Li flow during 10 MW D+ beam loading The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  16. The IFMIF programme foresees two phases: - Engineering Validation, Engineering Design Activities (EVEDA). Duration: 6 years. - Construction Phase: 7 years. EU is entering the EVEDA phase in the framework of an Agreement of collaboration with Japan. Cost of the EVEDA phase: 150 MEuro ( 65 % EU, 35 % Japan) Estimated Cost of the Construction Phase: 800 MEuro. (In the framework of an international collaboration yet to be established) IFMIF Time Schedule and Cost The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  17. IFMIF NC Accelerators The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  18. ECR Ion Source, D+95 KeV, 140 mA. Low Energy Beam transport. Three sections 4-vanes RFQ: 95 KeV to 5 MeV, 125 mA. Matching Section. 10 Alvarez type DTL tanks: 5 MeV to 40 MeV, 125 mA. Length: 30.3 m: ave.: 1.15 MV/m. Beam Centroid (20x5 cm cross section): Time Averaged Position Tolerance on Target: ± 1 mm 12-13, 1 MW, cw, 175 MHz RF Generators 18.5 MW electric power from the network required to power each accelerator. Main NC Accelerator Characteristics The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  19. Accelerator IFMIFAccelerator SystemBaseline Shaping beam footprint Stable operation RF Power System12 Required, 1MW CW, 175 MHz High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) Large Bore Quad & Dipoles, 55 meters long Contact-free beam diagnostic technology Drift Tube Linac (DTL)CW 175 MHz, 10 Tanks, 30.3 m, 40MeV Matching Section (MS)2-single Gap Cavities, 4 Quadrupoles, 0.66 m long Availability >8８% Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ)CW 175 MHz, 12.5 m long, water cooled, 5 MeV Hands-onmaintenance Ion InjectorCW ECR, Source, 140 mA D+, 95 keV, Magnetic LEBT to RFQ Realization of stable steady operation: lifetime: 1,000hr。 The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  20. Within the end of the year an investigation will be conducted to establish whether a solution with two accelerators, including superconducting DTLs, would offer definite advantages for IFMIF. For the normal conducting design: -ECR ion source, D+ beam. - nc RFQ, 5 MeV. Fed by ~ 1.6 MW RF power, 175MHz. - The nc DTLs, 5 to 40 MeV, absorb: 10x710 kW RF power= 7.1 MW. - Total RF power: 8.7 MW. ~ 18.6 MW from network. - Length of the DTLs: 30.3 m. Beam power: 0.125 A x 40 MeV = 5 MW Choice of Accelerator The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  21. A preliminary superconducting design has been considered: - ECR ion source and nc RFQ are the same as for the nc solution - one nc DTL, 5 to 10 MeV. Fed by ~ 0.7 MW RF power. - 7 sc DTL, Nb at 4.2 K, 10 to 40 MeV. (1x700 + 6x450) kW = 3.4 MW RF power. - Total RF power: 5.7 MW. ~11.4 MW from network. - Length of the DTL: ~ 9 m. - Cryogenic power: ~ 700 W. 0.21 MW from the network The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  22. SC DTL. (PreliminaryConceptual design with seven s/c cavities) Dia.= 1600 mm L = ~ 9 m The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  23. Proposed Cross-Bar, H mode, superconducting cavity for IFMIF Diameter: 550 mm The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  24. Advantages: - Maximum field gradient limited only by H in the superconducting walls and E max (potentially very good vacuum quality). No limitation due to cooling. Energy/m about 3 times . Length of the accelerator about 50%. - Capital cost saving: - Linear Size of the building. But cryogenic system? - Number of RF generators. - Operational costs. Overall electric energy from network. - Larger aperture of the drift tubes  low wake fields, no measurable impact on RF losses of the smaller shunt impedance  lower activation (< 1 W/m beam loss needed). Disadvantages or doubts: - Cryogenic system, capital and operating cost. Space requirement. - Time schedule for construction of the sc DTLs. - Reliability of the technology, to be assessed. - Maintenance problems. Access. Qualitative Evaluation of the Superconducting Solution. The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

  25. Preliminary evaluations of the costs (to be assessed by an Ad Hoc WG). 20 years operation. The International Workshop on Thin Films. Padova 9-12 Oct. 2006

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