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BIO 1011 Dr. Lee Science Center 227 Phone: (610) 660-3439 jlee04@sju

BIO 1011 Dr. Lee Science Center 227 Phone: (610) 660-3439 jlee04@sju.edu. Levels of Biological Organization. What is a cell? Discovered by Robert Hooke, 1655 Microscopic Analysis of cork sections Tiny “Chambers” = “Cells”. Wikipedia. What is the “Cell Theory”?.

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BIO 1011 Dr. Lee Science Center 227 Phone: (610) 660-3439 jlee04@sju

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  1. BIO 1011Dr. LeeScience Center 227Phone: (610) 660-3439jlee04@sju.edu

  2. Levels of Biological Organization

  3. What is a cell? Discovered by Robert Hooke, 1655 Microscopic Analysis of cork sections Tiny “Chambers” = “Cells” Wikipedia

  4. What is the “Cell Theory”? • Cells are the universal building blocks of life • Cells arise from pre-existing cells What defines something as “living”?

  5. How big is a cell?

  6. A Sense of Scale Figure 1-6

  7. 01_06_What can we see.jpg “What can we see?”

  8. “What can we see?”

  9. Metric Units • One meter - About Three Feet • One mm - 1/1000 of a meter • One µm - 1/1,000,000 of a meter • One nm - 1/1,000,000,000 of a meter • mm = 10-3 m • µm = 10-6 m • nm = 10-9 m

  10. How to look at cells • Light microscopy • Electron microscopy

  11. How to look at cells • Light Microscopy • Resolution of about 0.2 m • Resolution - How close two objects can be together and still be seen as 2 objects

  12. Light Microscopy Fixed and stained Live cell

  13. The History of Cell Visualization: Eduard Strasburger, 1880: 01_04_Early microscopes.jpg Modern day light microscopy:

  14. How to Look at Cells • Electron Microscopes • Two types: • Scanning • 3-D image of cell’s surface • Resolution of 3 nm • Transmission • Interior cell structure • Resolution of 2 nm • Higher resolution because of shorter wavelength

  15. SEM of a protozoan (single celled eukaryote) Fig. 1-32

  16. TEM micrograph of a killer T cell preparing to attack a large tumor cell TEM Micrograph of Mammalian Cell

  17. Basic Cell Anatomy

  18. Basic Cell Anatomy Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm (cytosol: soluble portion)

  19. Two major cell types Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

  20. A Basic Distinction: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells “Pro” = before “Eu” = true Distinguishing features: The world of prokaryotes: Eubacteria and Archaea The diversity of prokaryotes The common bacterium: Escherichia coli (E. coli)

  21. Flagellum Ribosomes in cytosol DNA Plasma Membrane Cell wall Cells range in sizes Panel 1-2

  22. Plant vs animal vs bacterial cell size

  23. The Eukaryotic Cell: Nucleus Mitochondria (chloroplasts) Internal Membranes generate intracellular compartments ER Golgi Lysosomes Peroxisomes Vesicles Cytosol Cytoskeleton

  24. Miniature Factory Engine Fig.1-5

  25. Key concepts you need to know • Unity within Diversity • The role of microscopy in cell visualization Panel 1-1, Page 8 (basics) • The fundamental basis of cell classification Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic • The subcellular components of the eukaryotic cell PANEL 1-2, Page 25

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