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QOD. Who is Thomas Hunt Morgan? What were his contributions to the field of genetics?. Chapter 12: Inheritance Patterns and Human Genetics. Section 1: Chromosomes and Inheritance. Sex Determination and Sex Linkage. Thomas Hunt Morgan Fruit flies (Drosophila) Sex chromosomes Sex linkage
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QOD Who is Thomas Hunt Morgan? What were his contributions to the field of genetics?
Chapter 12: Inheritance Patterns and Human Genetics Section 1: Chromosomes and Inheritance
Sex Determination and Sex Linkage • Thomas Hunt Morgan • Fruit flies (Drosophila) • Sex chromosomes • Sex linkage • X-linked and y-linked • Drosophila eye color • Humans • Color blindness • Hemophelia
XX and YY Chart To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
Linkage Groups • Linkage group • Morgan’s drosophila • GGLL x ggll • F1 all heterozygous gray body, long wings • GgLl x GgLl • Hypothesis: 3:1 ration Gray/long:black/short • Actual: neither 9:3:3:1, nor 3:1 • Crossing-over
Chromosome Mapping • Chromosome map • Alfred Sturtevant • Frequencies of crossing-over • Map unit
Mutations • Germ-cell mutations • Somatic cell mutations • Lethal mutations • Chromosome • Gene
Chromosome Mutations • Insertion • Deletion • Inversion • Translocation • Nondisjunction
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Gene Mutations • Point mutations • Substitution • Frameshift mutations • Insertion • Deletion
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QOD What is a polygenic trait? Examples? Describe the phenotypic ranges resulting from this inheritance.
Chapter 12: Inheritance Patterns and Human Genetics Section 2: Human Genetics
Pedigree- Huntington Disease To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
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Genetic Disorders Caused by Single Allele • Dominant • Huntington’s disease • Polydactyly • Recessive • Albinism • Cystic fibrosis • Phenylketonuria • Tay-Sachs
Codominance • Sickle Cell Disease • Homozygous sickle cell disorder • Change in hemoglobin – protein in RBC’s that carry oxygen/carbon dioxide • Heterozygous: • Heterozygous individuals have advantage
Multiple Alleles • Blood types • Three alleles • IA = A type • IB = B type • I = O type • Also shows codominance
ABO Blood Group- Surface Pro A To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
ABO Blood Group- Surface Pro B To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
ABO Blood Group- Surface Pro B-B To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
ABO Blood Group- No Surface To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
Blood types • IA and IB are codominant to eachother • IA and IB are dominant to I • Type AB is known as the “Universal Acceptor” • Type O is known as the “Universal donor”
QOD How can we detect genetic disorders in a fetus?
Sex-Linked Traits • Muscular dystrophy • Color-blindness • Hemophelia • Different from sex-influenced traits
Polygenic Inheritance • Range in phenotypes • Examples: • Height • Eye color • Skin color
Number of Genes Involved in Skin Color To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
Abnormal Numbers of Chromosomes • How? • Nondisjunction • Monosomy • Trisomy • Polyploidy • Down syndrome
Detecting Genetic Disorders • Genetic counseling • Amniocentesis • Chorionic villi sampling • Karyotyping