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Rodentia: Gnawing Mammals

Rodentia: Gnawing Mammals. Rodentia Checklist. one pair of upper and lower incisors each enlarged, sharply beveled, ever-growing enamel on outer surface only diastama between incisors and premolars other skull features. Sciuridae: Squirrels. Gray Squirrel Sciurus caroliniensis.

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Rodentia: Gnawing Mammals

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  1. Rodentia: Gnawing Mammals

  2. Rodentia Checklist • one pair of upper and lower incisors • each enlarged, sharply beveled, ever-growing • enamel on outer surface only • diastama between incisors and premolars • other skull features

  3. Sciuridae: Squirrels

  4. Gray SquirrelSciurus caroliniensis • melanistic (black) form in some areas • Besides nuts, also eat flowers, bark, buds, bird eggs, insects, carrion

  5. Fox SquirrelSciurus niger • “fox” refers to the reddish color • less arboreal, favors more open habitats

  6. Red SquirrelTamiasciurus hudsonicus • favors evergreens to mixed forests • store unripe cones in middens • also eat bird eggs, mushrooms • loud and vocal

  7. Southern Flying SquirrelGlaucomys volans • more common of the two species • glide rather than powered flight • prefers deciduous woods • diet of fungi, lichens, nuts, seeds, bird eggs, sap

  8. Northern Flying SquirrelGlaucomys sabrinus • prefer coniferous woods • doesn’t hibernate • eat hypogenous fungi • susceptible to nematode parasite, Stongyloides robustus • G. volans is less susceptible

  9. Eastern ChipmunkTamias striatus • Facial stripes • Cheek pouches • 1 in east, 21 in west

  10. WoodchuckMarmota monax • are a ground squirrel • AKA groundhog, whistle-pig • true hibernators • burrow up to 30’

  11. CastoridaeBeaverCastor canadensis • our largest rodent • perhaps most important animal in settling of North America • tail slapping threat behavior • can remain submerged 15 minutes

  12. Cricetidae:Native Rats, Mice & Voles Largest family of NA mammals

  13. MuskratOndatra zibethicus • feed on cattails and aquatic plants • actively scent-mark territories, hence the name • domed huts • tapered, hairless, scaly tail differs from beaver’s flat tail

  14. Deer MousePeromyscus maniculatus

  15. White-footed MousePeromyscus leucopus

  16. Eastern WoodratNeotoma floridana

  17. Southern Red-backed VoleClethrionomys gapperi

  18. Meadow VoleMicrotus pennsylvanicus

  19. Rock VoleMicrotus chrotorrhinus

  20. Woodland VoleMicrotus pinetorum

  21. Southern Bog LemmingSynaptomys cooperi

  22. Muridae: Old World Rats & Mice

  23. Norway Rat (I)Rattus norvegicus

  24. House Mouse (I)Mus musculus

  25. Zapodidae: Jumping Mice Meadow Jumping MouseZapus hudsonius

  26. Woodland Jumping MouseNapaeozapus insignis

  27. Erethizontidae: Porcupines PorcupineErethizon dorsatum • quills are modified hairs with barbed tip • few predators except Fisher • in winter, feed on inner bark of trees • more varied diet in summer

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