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Three Monotheistic Religions of the Middle East

Three Monotheistic Religions of the Middle East. Geo Engage: 2/14. Where have these 3 religions developed the most? Why do you think Judaism is only represented by the Star of David?. Judaism: the basics. Oldest monotheistic religion! What is monotheism again?! Central city is Jerusalem

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Three Monotheistic Religions of the Middle East

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  1. Three Monotheistic Religions of the Middle East

  2. Geo Engage: 2/14 Where have these 3 religions developed the most? Why do you think Judaism is only represented by the Star of David?

  3. Judaism: the basics Oldest monotheistic religion! What is monotheism again?! Central city is Jerusalem Founded in 2,000 BC (approx.) Founder = Moses/Abraham God known as “Yahweh” Trace origin to ancient Israelites, Kingdom of Israel. Eventually scattered Mainly found in Israel, but is in diaspora (spread throughout the world) Current number of Jews: 15-16 million worldwide

  4. Jewish Practices & Beliefs Place of worship is the synagogue Holy day = Saturday Torah is the sacred text Believed to be written by Moses, inspired by God One of several books (Old Testament) record Jews’ history 613 laws, first 10 are most important Talmud (“oral law”): how to apply God’s law to everyday life through Dietary rules (kosher) Dress & other symbols Prayer & devotion to one God Proper social relations Observance of holy days

  5. Synagogue in Jerusalem Torah

  6. Beliefs & Practices Thoughts on Jesus He was a good, wise (but ordinary) man who died thousands of years ago. Was NOT resurrected, but did die. Still awaiting the messiah, or the political figure (not divine!) who would bring peace to earth. What they’re concerned about: “repairing this world” through justice & righteousness Doing good deeds based on God’s commandments Emphasis on family, home, responsibility, hard work & education Through all of this, the world will be what it’s supposed to be: HOLY!

  7. Jewish Traditions & Celebrations: Bar/Bat Mitzvah Coming of age ritual Bar Mitzvah = 13-year-old boy Bat Mitzvah = 12-year-old girl Idea that boys & girls are responsible for their actions at this point; boys (and some girls) can lead prayer in family or community Fun fact: can be legally married…..according to Jewish law Must study a lot before the actual event At the event: recites speech/reading for family & friends, receives gifts

  8. Jewish Traditions: Rosh Hashanah Jewish New Year Occurs around September (seventh month of the Jewish calendar), lasts two days usually Seen as a time to look back on mistakes of the past year & make changes in the new one No work permitted on Rosh Hashanah—most of the day spent in synogogue

  9. Yom Kippur Day of Atonement This year: September 22-23 (evening to evening) Must practice self-denial  prohibitions (can’t do certain things) Includes no eating, drinking, bathing, etc. Idea is to seek forgiveness for sins. Highest synagogue attendance rate of the year!

  10. Hanukkah “Festival of Lights” commemorating the religious history of the Jews—rededication of the Holy Temple In December, before Christmas Is NOT the equivalent of the Christian Christmas! (doesn’t have as much religious significance) Lasts 8 days Light one candle per day, families exchange one small gift a day Sing songs, play with dreidels, eat fried foods (latkes)

  11. Christianity 2nd oldest Monotheistic religion (33AD) Prophet: Jesus, who was God’s son and is the eternal savior Most practiced religion in the world with 2 billion Christians worldwide Also has holy city of Jerusalem Found in Europe, North & South America, and Africa Three divisions: Catholicism, Orthodoxy & Protestantism

  12. Practices Attend church on their holy day, Sunday Wednesday sometimes, too Church led by preachers, priests Sacred text: Bible Jewish Old Testament + New Testament 10 Commandments as a “how-to” guide for living a Christian life “you shalt not murder…commit adultery..”

  13. Beliefs Life & teachings of Jesus as basis for Christianity Jesus, who was Jewish, preached renewal; was eventually executed and then resurrected God encompasses three spirits: the father, the son,, and the Holy Spirit (aka: HOLY TRINITY) Way to heaven is through faith in God, good deeds, sacrament Sacrament: baptism, communion, Lord’s Supper, etc. No coming-of-age ritual, as seen in Judaism

  14. Christian Traditions & Celebrations: Christmas Comes from the word “Christes” (Old English) meaning “Christ’s mass” December 25, every year Attend Christmas Eve worship services, prayer in celebration of Jesus Christ’s virgin birth in Bethlehem Christmas Day: typically presents!

  15. Good Friday Good Friday Friday before Easter Sunday Commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ How it’s celebrated: Day of rest (no work/school) Fasting in the Catholic Church, reparations in Roman Catholicism (prayer)

  16. Easter Sunday Celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ Marks the end of the 40-day period of fasting in some Christian religions (Lent) How it’s celebrated: Church services Recitations of the Old Testament Both Good Friday & Easter Sunday take place in either March or April

  17. Islam: The Basics Founded around 610-620 AD Currently the second-largest religion (1 .3 billion) Prophet: Muhammad Gabriel the Angel came to him & delivered a message from the one, true God  monotheism in a polytheistic world Sacred text: Qur’an Major religion in Middle East & Southeast Asia Two major sects: Sunni (majority) & Shi’a/Shi’ite

  18. Muslim Beliefs Muhammad was the last of a great line of prophets Idea that Islam has existed since the creation of the world Other prophets include Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus There will be a day in which people are judged for their deeds on earth (AKA-Judgment Day) Account begins at puberty either be rewarded with heaven or punishment in Hell Jesus IS a prophet and was born from the Virgin Mary, but was not God’s son Jesus escaped death on the cross & was taken up to Paradise instead

  19. Two MAJOR sects Big disagreement: who should take over leadership of Muslim nation when prophet Muhammad died? Sunni: new leader should be elected from among those capable for the job Shi’a: leadership should stay w/in prophets own family Do not recognize authority of elected Muslim leaders

  20. Muslim Practices Attend mosques, Friday = holy day Leaders called “imams” Call to prayer 5 times a day Do not eat pork, gamble, do illegal drugs, etc. Pronounce God’s name before eating & drinking, eat and drink with right hand Five Pillars of Islam: how Muslims should live their lives

  21. Muslim Celebrations:Ramadan Month of fasting 2015: June 17-July 17 (evening to evening) No eating, drinking between dawn & sunset Purpose is to teach about patience, spirituality, humility & submissiveness to God Encouraged to read the entire Qur’an

  22. Eid Al-Fitr Marks the end of the fasting of Ramadan What happens: Food donated to the poor Everyone wears best (usually new) clothes Communal prayers Feasting & visiting with family & friends Gifts (money & clothes) given

  23. Eid Al-Adha Celebration of sacrifice Sacrifice animal (goat, sheep, ram, cow or camel), divide meat in 3 parts One for poor & needy One for relatives & friends One for the family

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