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Religions of the Middle East

Religions of the Middle East. Lesson 2. Objectives. Compare the three major world religions: Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. Explain how geography contributed to the birth of Islam. Analyze the Islamic religion. Warm Up. To what religious affiliation do most Middle Eastern groups belong?

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Religions of the Middle East

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  1. Religions of the Middle East Lesson 2

  2. Objectives • Compare the three major world religions: Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. • Explain how geography contributed to the birth of Islam. • Analyze the Islamic religion.

  3. Warm Up • To what religious affiliation do most Middle Eastern groups belong? • Islam- Muslims • All but Israelis and Armenians

  4. Comparative Religions

  5. Comparative Religions

  6. Judaism • ~1800 BCE, Hebrews flee Canaan, migrate to Egypt (enslaved). • Lead by Moses to Sinai Peninsula. Covenant w/God. • 1 God, 10 Commandments, Chosen People • ~1025 BCE form kingdom of Israel in Fertile Crescent. • Kings David & Solomon help reach greatest glory • ~500 BCE Persians take over, Return to Israel & rebuild temple in Jerusalem. • ~70 CE, Romans expel Jews from Israel/Palestine – diaspora… • Won’t return until late 1800s

  7. Christianity • Jesus born in Roman ruled Palestine (Bethlehem) • Carpenter’s apprentice • Studied w/ rabbis - Preacher 30 yrs old • Some believed he was the messiah – Savior from foreign rule, restore kingdom • Roman’s, scared of popularity & refusal to accept emperor as a god, crucified him in 33 CE. • Followers, Christians, spread word • Everyone equal, salvation & eternal life • Persecuted by Romans, became martyrs • 313 CE, Emperor Constantine converts • 395 CE, official religion Roman Empire

  8. Birthplace of Islam • What was life like in the Middle East in early centuries? • Desert • Bedouins • Oasis towns • Feuds, rivalry, lawless

  9. Islam • ~610 CE Angel Gabriel tells Mohammed he is to be the messenger of God/Allah • Merchant in Mecca • ~622 flee to Medina, build 1st mosque • Hejira – Yr 1 of Muslim Calendar • Prophet • Expansion of Islam • Uses war & political maneuvering to spread ideas • 632 control Peninsula • 732 Atlantic to Indus

  10. Activity- In groups of 3, analyze various elements of the Islamic faith. • Ideas of Islam • Five Pillars • Jihad • Sunni v. Shi’ite (Shia) • Women

  11. Closure • What is meant by the term “People of the Book”? • All 3 monotheistic • Allah is same God and God of Jews/Christians • Follow God’s teachings in the Bible • Believe in final day of judgment (heaven/hell) • Protected/treat all with tolerance

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